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1890. NEW ZEALAND.

LUNATIC ASYLUMS OF THE COLONY (REPORT ON) FOR 1889.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

The Inspector of Asylums to the Hon. the Minister of Education. Sir— 15th April, 1890. I have the honour to lay before you the following report on the lunatic asylums of the colony for the year 1889 : — The number of registered insane persons on the 31st December, 1889, was 1,761, giving an increase of eighty for the year—males 33, and females 47. These are distributed as follows: — Males. Females. Total. Previous Year. Auckland ... ... ... 261 ... 128 ... 389 ... 385 Christchurch ... ... ... 223 ... 145 ... 368 ... 349 Seacliff ... ... ... 282 ... 214 ... 496 ... 501 Hokitika ... ... ... 75 ... 30 ... 105 ... 104 Nelson ... ... ... 56 ... 42 ... 98 ... 101 Wellington ... ... ... 160 ... 112 ... 272 ... 230 Ashburn Hall (private asylum) ... 18 ... 24 ... 42 ... 25 The proportion of the insane to the population is— New Zealand (exclusive of Maoris) ... ... ... 2-84 per 1,000 New Zealand (inclusive of Maoris) ... ... ... 2-66 At the end of 1887 the proportion per 1,000 in the colonies was— New South Wales ... ... ... ... 2-71 per 1,000 Victoria ... ... ... ... ... 3-39 „ South Australia ... ... ... ... 231 „ Tasmania ... ... ... ... ... 2-50 „ Western Australia ... ... ... ... 2-84 „ New Zealand ... ... ... ... ... 263 Queensland ... ... ... ... ... 2-38 „ I have been obliged, year after year, with painful iteration to call the attention of Parliament to the results of the peculiar system of admission to our asylums which prevails in these colonies. In Great Britain, the United States, and Canada a standard is fixed, and no further admissions are allowed till more accommodation is provided. Here patients are admitted whether there is room or not, and the accumulation goes on until some scandal calls public attention to its consequences. What with the difficulty, on the one hand, of getting money to provide asylumaccommodation for the acute cases as well as for the chronic and harmless insane, and, on the other hand, the determination of the Charitable Aid Boards and their officers to have nothing to do with destitute persons that are mentally weak, especially if they give any trouble, the responsibility of preventing overcrowding is almost too much for any man to face, and therefore I think in our circumstances it would be wise to so amend the lunacy law as to fix a minimum day-room and dormitory space per patient. It would then become necessary for the country either to face the whole question frankly, or to take the alternative and refuse admission to all those whose friends could afford to provide for them elsewhere, thus practically confining our public asylums to the paupei class. So long as public feeling will not tolerate the discharge of any harmless incurables when they are no longer dangerous to themselves or the public unless the officer discharging has made sure that a suitable refuge is ready to receive them, so long will this accumulation go on to the injury of all who are inmates of our asylums. It is time that we realised the fact that a State system of public asylums for all classes, provided at a minimum cost to the patients and their friends, and free of charge to the large majority who are either unable or cannot be made to pay, is a very onerous undertaking. When to this we add the further undertaking to keep all who are once admitted until they either recover or can be removed to refuges provided out of local taxes, and that with the consent of the representatives of the ratepayers, it is evident that the Government must provide refuges for all the mentally infirm if they would prevent every asylum in the colony being turned into a workhouse. I—H. 12.

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All our existing asylums are full, and the greatest embarrassment that I have to face at the present time arises from the fact that very large sums have been spent at Seacliff and Sunnyside without any proportionate increase of accommodation. A few years ago the state of things at Seacliff, Sunnyside, and Auckland was such as to cause grave public disquietude, and all the money that has been spent up till now was simply sunk in overtaking the leeway of the previous years. Last year a vote for increased accommodation at Auckland was not taken. The cry for retrenchment was too much for us, and we had to do the best we could. Now the question of building the new asylum at Porirua, into which the chronic cases may be drafted, must be decided in full view of all that is involved in the doing of it. The difficulties of dealing with our criminal lunatics and inebriates are problems still awaiting solution. The presence of these people in our asylums—especially the former—is a source of almost intolerable difficulty and danger. They are often extremely violent and dangerous. Their malignity and revengefulness against those who are responsible for their safe-keeping are almost incredible. And when this spirit accompanies, as it commonly does, an inveterate tendency to delusions of persecution, they will, on the smallest basis of fact, construct the most monstrous charges against the officers and attendants, which they themselves firmly believe, and thus are able to mislead all but experienced observers. As I reported last year, one of our most urgent wants is some means of separating these criminal lunatics from the ordinary inmates of our asylums. A properly-equipped criminal lunatic asylum is so costly that I see no immediate prospect of our being able to afford it, and our present practice of scattering them through our different institutions seriously disorders the organization and management of them all. The treatment in the wards is governed by the worst cases; and the necessity of caring for dangerous criminals by the same means as are applied to the ordinary patients gives much liberty to the one class and compels hurtful restrictions on the other. Admissions. On the first day of January, 1889, the number of insane persons in our asylums was 1,681 — males 1,041, and females 640. Those admitted for the first time during the year numbered 304— males 181, females 123. The readmissions amounted to 87—males 49, and females 38. Discharges. The percentage of recoveries on admissions was 5762—males 53-95, females 63-01. In Victoria the percentage was 47-37 ; in New South Wales, 46-76; in South Australia, 38-47 ; and in England, 38-56. Deaths. The percentage of deaths on the average number resident was 5-86—males 6-69, females 4-54. In Victoria it was 671. Accidents and Escapes. There have been no serious accidents in any of our asylums during the year ; indeed, for several years past we have been singularly fortunate in this respect. There have been a good many escapes, but, so far as I know, no harm has resulted. Auckland Asylum. The past year has been in this Asylum one of peace and goodwill after the long period of turmoil caused by defective accommodation and the discomforts inseparable therefrom. lam afraid, however, that the former evils will recur unless immediate steps are taken to relieve the overcrowding on the male side. Last year it was found impossible to vote the money required both for the proposed extension of the male wing and at the same time for the burnt wing of Sunnyside Asylum. I hope that some help will be afforded by the opening of the Costley Home to enable us to tide over the winter. The condition of the Asylum, especially on the female side, is very satisfactory, and on the male side the drawbacks are due to defective and insufficient buildings. The management of the Asylum is in the highest degree creditable to Dr. King and his staff. With regard, however, to the necessity for out-door employment of the patients, which Dr. King so thoroughly impressed upon his staff at Seacliff, I expect a greater improvement during the coming year. Of course, a great deal will depend on the way in which his efforts are seconded by his staff, and I shall watch with a great deal of anxiety their conduct in this respect. I regret to have to record that a serious outbreak of typhoid occurred during my last visit. Mr. Bell, the Engineer for Buildings, has personally made a thoroughgoing inspection of the sanitary arrangements of the building, and plans are now ready for a complete reform of the whole system of drainage and ventilation, including a plan for a proper outfall into the sea. The Deputy Inspector, Mr. Cooper, and the Official Visitor, Mr. Ewington, are indefatigable in the performance of their honorary duties, and the public have in their presence a guarantee that the patients are well looked after. The congestion of the male side, which they have so often called attention to, will be remedied as soon as the money is forthcoming. Wellington Asylum. Both this Asylum and the branch at Porirua have been most successfully administered by Dr. Hassell. Nothing has occurred to interrupt their harmonious working, and their condition is very satisfactory. The only exception is owing to the changes among the female attendants, and the inevitable difficulties arising therefrom. This is the weak spot in all our institutions, where it is difficult to tempt marriageable young women to remain long enough after they have learned their business. It takes a good deal of discipline to teach them the necessary patience under their manifold provocations, and I am afraid the patients occasionally suffer in consequence. lam extremely anxious to devise some means by which such a sentiment could be created regarding the honourable

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though arduous duties of asylum nurses as has arisen in the case of hospitals. I hope by systematic lectures on nursing to raise their ideal of their duty, and remove the prejudice which at present exists against this as affording a career for educated young women. This Asylum owes a great deal to the vigilant and kindly care of Mr. Mackay, Deputy Inspector. His presence in the immediate neighbourhood gives me a great sense of security in my frequent absences from Wellington. Nelson Asylum. This Asylum, under tho new Superintendent and his wife, will, I trust, very soon show satisfactory results in economical working, without in any way impairing the character for homely comfort which it has always enjoyed. This year the expenditure has been necessarily increased by the making good of deficiencies in bedding and clothing, the refurnishing of the Superintendent's house, and the restocking of the farm. Mr. and Mrs. Morrison have previously done good service in Wellington Asylum and elsewhere, and have thoroughly earned their promotion. Dr. Boor's care and efficiency as Visiting Medical Officer are so well known that it has become monotonous as well as superfluous to praise them. Mr. Fell, the Deputy-Inspector, has been a great help to me this year in clearing up the difficulties caused by the change of Superintendents. Hokitika Asylum. What I have just said about Dr. Boor I must here repeat about the admirable administration of Mr. and Mrs. Gribben at Hokitika Asylum; while the care with which Dr. Macandrew looks after his patients is extremely satisfactory. I do not think that two more satisfactory asylums of their class can be found anywhere than the asylums of Nelson and Hokitika. Sunnyside Asylum. Next month I hope to see the fine new wing of this asylum occupied by the female patients. To put an end to the long period of confusion and difficulty which the officers of this Asylum have had to struggle through, it will be necessary to build a small front block to replace the large block struck out of the last contract because we could not afford the money, as well as to add a cross block on the male side to supply day-rooms such as have just been added to the female side. When this has been done there will be no further additions to this Asylum, except perhaps by the building of separate cottage auxiliaries here and there on the farm. I have elsewhere recorded my high appreciation of Dr. Levinge's skill and energy in overcoming the difficulties that have hampered him during the rebuilding of the female wing. The enthusiasm which he has thrown into the management of the farm, and the out-door employment and treatment of his patients, is deserving of my hearty acknowledgments. Seacliff Asylum. At my last visit to this Asylum I was gratified to find that the large day-room which has replaced the damaged portion of the north wing was in occupation. Here, as at Sunnyside and Auckland, the accumulated difficulties of years have been all but overcome, and there is every reason for confidence that such a time of trial as we have had to contend with for years past will never be allowed to return. The Asylum is working harmoniously in all its parts, and there is no doubt that the administration is vigorous and careful. The new workshops reflect the highest credit on the head carpenter and his assistants. The farm is being steadily cleared, and is increasing yearly in productiveness. The benefit to the patients of the careful and thoroughgoing way in which all who can be induced to do any kind of open-air work are looked after is most striking. In none of the other asylums is there the same fresh and healthy look about the inmates. Mr. Chapman, the Deputy-Inspector, has made himself thoroughly familiar with the whole working of the Asylum, and a great debt of gratitude is due to him for the way in which he sifted the charges brought against the management of the Asylum by an ex-patient, who was clearly shown to be in a morbid state of mind. Nevertheless, I came to the conclusion that some of the old leaven was still working in the Asylum, and the attendants whose conduct was complained of have been sent away. The whole inquiry had the result of confirming my previous conviction of Dr. King's eminent fitness for his position, and of the conscientious way in which he performs his duties. Thanks to the efforts of Dr. Eadford King and Dr. Truby King, the elements of evil which had crept into this institution have been at length eliminated, and the condition of things is now highly satisfactory. . Maintenance. Every year since I took charge of the department I have been able to show a substantial reduction in the yearly cost per patient. In 1885 the cost per head per annum was £24 ss. 3fd., in 1886 the cost was £24 Os. s£-d., in 1887 it was £22 12s. 3d., in 1888 it was £20 6s. 7-Jd., and this year it was £20 lis. Bfd. It will be seen that there is an apparent rise this year; but, in reality, it means a saving of 7s. 2d. a head, for there is included in this sum an amount of £1,052 9s. 3d. for repairs and buildings which formerly used to come out of loan ; and, in addition to this, a large allowance must be made for the increase of cost caused by the tariff and the almost universal rise in the cost of provisions. Full details of the expenditure will be found in Table XVI. as regards the total cost per head. The first in point of economy is Sunnyside, the second Auckland, and the third Seacliff. Of the three smaller asylums, the most costly is Nelson, Wellington comes next, and the lowest is Hokitika. Deducting from each the amount collected for patients' maintenance, the order of merit is—Sunnyside, Auckland, Seacliff, Wellington, Hokitika, Nelson. The largest of our asylums, Seacliff, shows the largest reduction as compared with last year, showing that the productiveness of the farm is steadily growing, and that Dr. King is steadily reducing expenditure. The large area of

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bush-land that has been cleared has caused an outlay of no less than £5 2s. sfd. per head for the farm and contingencies, as against £2 15s. 4d. in Sunnyside. The increase of the cost per head in Wellington is explained by the expenditure of £518 Bs. 3d. in buildings and repairs, which used to come out of loan, as compared with £273 6s. 2d. for Auckland, and £259 ss. lid. for Sunnyside. ENTEIES OF VISITS TO THE DIFFEEENT ASYLUMS. Auckland. 21st January, 1890.—1 visited the Asylum on the 17th and 18th days of January, and again on the 21st. I carefully examined the food, clothing, bedding, as well as every part of the buildings and grounds, and found everywhere proofs that Dr. King and his staff are working vigorously and harmoniously. Every part of the building is clean and comfortable, and were it not for the structural defects and overcrowding on the male side I should be able to say that at length the Auckland Asylum is in a satisfactory state. There is an excess of about fifty male patients, and I am afraid it will severely tax our means to provide the necessary accommodation without a farther extension on the male side. I was very much struck with the helpless and hopeless character of a very large proportion of tho cases in this institution, as compared with the other asylums of the colony. In going over the cases individually, the probable recoveries are very few, and the collection of broken-down old persons suffering from secondary dementia is very melancholy to contemplate. At Mr. Ewington's suggestion I made a careful examination of the case of A. 8., and found from the history and surroundings of the case that it would be imprudent to discharge him unless some friend executed a bond to look after him as provided by the Act. A padded room is to be at once provided on the male side, and every effort will be made to remedy the overcrowding by removing such of the patients as can be accommodated in the other asylums. The Asylum contained 376 patients at the date of my last visit, being 255 males and 121 females. The only form of constraint I found in use was locked gloves on one woman, for satisfactory reasons. The medical journal for the week ending 11th January, 1890, showed that eleven persons were in seclusion for stated periods (all entered) during the week. Two women and five men were confined to bed under medical treatment. Six females and fourteen males wore strong canvas dresses. Eighty-three were at work on the farm and in the garden. Sixty men and twenty-seven women did some kind of useful work in the house, and thirteen men were engaged in the workshops. In spite of all the efforts of the staff, it was found impossible to occupy in any way about 170 males and sixty females—a proportion which, knowing as I do Dr. King's energy and zeal in this matter, I can only account for by saying that this Asylum is singular in my experience in the large proportion of helpless and hopeless dements it contains. I was pleased to observe signs of increased activity in breaking up fresh ground on the farm. Special thanks are due to Dr. King and Mr. Ewington for the interest they have taken in providing the fine billiard-table, piano, and other means of amusement for the patients and attendants. P.S. — I have examined J R , and find that, though much improved since admission, talking quite rationally at times, yet he suffers from very marked muscular tremor, especially in the right hand, and is generally in a condition of great nervous irritability. He is quite unfit to be discharged, and probably would be dangerous. —D. M. Wellington. Ist August, 1889. —To-day and yesterday I have spent inspecting this Asylum. The total number of patients is 247 —males 147, females 100. I saw and examined every one of these, and made a more careful inquiry into the circumstances and nature of all the recent and more hopeful cases. Only one epileptic male patient was confined to bed. One male and one female wore strong dresses. There were no cases of any other kind of restraint ; and there were none in seclusion. I examined the clothing of all the patients, and found all were suitably clad and shod. The bedding was amply sufficient and very clean. I was present at dinner on both days, and found the food good and well cooked. I remarked, however, that considerably more despatch might be used in the distribution. I had some conversation with S S , who had been transferred from Auckland in order to remove him from certain influences which in Dr. King's opinion were injurious to his mental health. He seemed to be much improved in mental tone, but he still cherishes delusions about his being illegally treated, and refused to give me any information, saying he would say nothing till he got before the Judge. Five males were under medical treatment. Of the whole number of patients only fifteen men and twenty-eight women were found incapable of some form of occupation. Thirty-one males and thirty females attend divine service ; and forty-seven males and thirty-seven females take part in the usual recreations and amusements. I was much pleased to find that all the tailoring is now done by the patients. Besides being a considerable saving, this is a valuable means of diverting the minds of those who are engaged in it. Mr. Macleay, the new head attendant, who has taken Mr. Morrison's place, and Miss Finch, the new matron, both promise very well. The stock-lists of the various charge attendants were fairly kept. The difficulty which I pointed out on a previous inspection about the laundry-sheets has disappeared. The building in all its parts is kept very clean, and an air of comfort pervades the whole institution. The books and other statutory documents were all examined, and found to be properly kept. The Asylum as a whole is in a highly satisfactory condition. Nelson. 9th August, 1889.—1 was engaged all day yesterday in examining the condition of this Asylum. The unfortunate circumstances attending the removal of the late Superintendent made it very difficult for his successor (Mr. Morrison) to enter upon his new duties. I trust that all difficulties are now over, and I anticipate no further trouble. The Asylum is in good order, and is working

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smoothly. The clothing, which, owing to the delay in getting ready the new system of contract, had become deficient, is rapidly being put to rights. I found all the patients were well cared-for. Three are under medical treatment. Forty-two males and thirty-four females are employed in some useful work, and this, out of a total of ninety-five, is very satisfactory. Under Mr. Morrison's management I expect a much better return from the farm than has yet been obtained. At my next visit I shall be in a better position to judge of Mr. Morrison's management. Hitherto his time and thoughts have been so occupied with the state of the accounts as left by Mr. White that it has not been possible to do much beyond preparing the ground for next season's crop. Hokitika. 12th February, 1890. — This week I made two visits of inspection to the Asylum—on the 10th and 12th. On both occasions I found everything in admirable order. The patients were examined individually, and I was greatly struck with their healthy appearance. They were comfortably clad and shod, and I was particularly pleased to find that, under Dr. Macandrew's treatment, the unusual number of goitres of large size, which were so noticeable on my former visits, had almost all disappeared. An unusually large proportion of the inmates are employed on the farm and in the gardens, and Mr. Gribben has shown extraordinary skill in making the most of any faculties the patients may manifest for any form of useful employment. I heard no complaints from either patients or attendants. The statutory books were duly entered up, and the case-book in particular is very carefully kept. Here, as in all our New Zealand asylums, the proportion of curable cases is small, the great majority being chronic and incurable. The Asylum is in a thoroughly satisfactory condition, and is creditable to all the officers, among whom the best spirit prevails, so that the utmost harmony pervades the institution. Christchurch. 11th September, 1889. —To-day and yesterday I have been engaged in inspecting this Asylum. I was particularly anxious to ascertain how Dr. Levinge and his staff had managed to tide over the winter, considering the overcrowding necessitated by the destruction of the female wing. lam relieved to find that, owing to the unusually mild winter, no great hardship had to be endured either by patients or attendants. The organization of the staff has been so skilful, and the administration so vigorous, that the Asylum is in better order than the most sanguine could have anticipated. There is no friction or disorder. The female side, where the greatest difficulties had to be faced, I found to be very quiet and orderly. The clothing, bedding, and feeding are very satisfactory, and there is not the slightest ground for the suspicions which interested persons are endeavouring to propagate regarding the management of the Asylum. Very great improvements have been effected in the drainage of the farm. The new farm-buildings are very substantial, commodious, and cheaply constructed. Vigour and capacity are manifest everywhere, and I hope that Dr. Levinge's health, which had been affected by worry and anxiety, is now permanently re-established. The new matron, Miss Campbell, will, I am sure, prove a great assistance to the female side, and I have no doubt that, once the new buildings are finished, this institution will soon be placed in such 'a condition that it will be a credit to the district. The pains which Mr. Russell has bestowed on the recovery of maintenance-money has had a most gratifying result, and he deserves my warmest commendation. The books and papers were all in good order, and the institution as a whole is in a thoroughly sound condition. 19th March, 1890.—After a careful inspection of this Asylum during to-day and yesterday, I am greatly impressed with the admirable devotion of Dr. Levinge and his staff, which has enabled them to produce such results amidst the overcrowding and manifold embarrassments of the past year. At every point there is evidence of signal administrative ability. In all essentials the comfort of the patients has been successfully looked after, and such disagreeable experiences as were inseparable from the building operations are now nearly at an end. Unfortunately, through a misunderstanding, the opening of the new female wing has been delayed. Prison-locks have been sent out from England instead of asylum-locks, which had been ordered. The delay, however, is not without its compensating advantages. The walls are having time to get thoroughly dry, so that the painting of them can be completed at once, thus saving a great deal of subsequent trouble. The new buildings will entirely remove many difficulties which hampered the management before the fire, and the new day-rooms will be a very great advantage. So greatly has the female side been improved by the additional day-room accommodation that the very first opportunity should be taken to secure the same benefit for the male side by building a similar transverse block. A great deal of welldirected labour has been expended on the farm and garden, with the most satisfactory results ; and I am satisfied that, if only Dr. Levinge could get rid of the workmen and the confusion that they necessarily cause, he would soon transform the whole appearance of the Asylum and its grounds. It is not, in my opinion, possible to look after the patients in the circumstances better than they are looked after. A good spirit pervades the staff, and that is saying a good deal when the difficulties they have had to face are considered. The statutory books are all well kept, and the medical certificates are in proper form. The total number of patients is 367—males 221, and females 146. Two females and two males are restrained by gloves from injuring themselves. The amount and full details of all seclusion resorted to are duly entered in the medical journal. The useful employment of all who are capable of benefiting thereby is sedulously encouraged, and a great deal of care is devoted to the religious instruction and amusement of the inmates. Seacliff. sth September, 1889.—1 have been engaged for the last three days in making my half-yearly inspection of this Asylum. I find that, partly owing to good management, and partly owing to the unusual mildness of the winter, much less discomfort has been experienced by the patients than I anticipated from the overcrowding caused by the delay in removing and restoring the damaged

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portions of the building. Dr. King has followed up and improved upon the example set by his predecessor of employing as many patients as possible on the farm, garden, and workshops. Seacliff is no longer a prison where crowds of men and women are confined in close courtyards doing nothing but brooding over their morbid feelings. A very great change has been effected in this respect, and not merely the superior officers, but every member of the staff, deserve commendation for their share in this gratifying transformation. Some changes have been agreed on between Dr. King and myself which will have the effect of further concentrating the organization and saving money. The available grazing-land is being rapidly extended, and in a very short time the returns from the farm and garden will greatly reduce the cost of the Asylum. The new workshops, designed and built by Mr. Reid, are now almost finished, and will be of immense service in giving employment to patients. A large and airy day-room, to occupy the space of the ruined corridor, will soon be ready for occupation, and this, together with the new attic-dormitory, will give sufficient accommodation for some time to come. I have offered Dr. King an assistant ; but he prefers for the present to keep the whole of the medical treatment in his own hands. The books are all in proper order, and lam satisfied that the Asylum is well-organized and vigorously managed. Bth March, 1890.—T0-day I have completed my half-yearly inspection of this Asylum in company with the Deputy-Inspector, Mr. Chapman. I found everything in good order except that there was a want of organization apparent in the serving-out of the dinner of the females. 1 expect to find an improvement in this respect at my next visit. In every department there is abundant evidence of vigorous and careful administration. I was particularly impressed with the success which has resulted from the constant effort to interest the patients in some kind of occupation, and the manifest improvement in the health and appearance, especially of the male patients, in consequence. As regards the feeding, bedding, and clothing of the inmates, lam quite satisfied that they are amply sufficient in quantity and quality. The admirable way in which Dr. King and his assistants have addressed themselves to reduce expenditure by preventing every possible waste, while at the same time the welfare and comfort both of patients and attendants are in no wise diminished, deserves my warmest acknowledgments. Dr. King has, in short, proved himself a man of the highest efficiency in these respects, and the care he bestows on the proper treatment and classification of acute cases is very satisfactory. The best spirit prevails among the staff. The changes in the direction of concentrating the feeding and cooking arrangements have answered well, and resulted in a considerable saving. The medical journal shows that only twenty-four males out of a total of 280 are entirely unemployed. Fourteen females and seven males were confined to bed under medical treatment. Four males and two females wore strong dresses or gloves. In the common hall 172 males and 164 females dined. The amusement of the patients is carefully attended to, and a very pleasing fact is that musicians and others from town come out to give entertainments at the Asylum. The statutory books are all in proper order. Mr. Cruickshanks is steadily increasing the productiveness of the farm ; and the matron, Mrs. Grundy, does her work admirably. Ashbum Hall. 6th September, 1889. —To-day I inspected this Asylum, and found everything in good order. I conversed separately with all the patients, and examined their rooms, bedding, and clothing. They are well cared-for in every respect, and no one is improperly detained. The food is abundant and well cooked. The attendants are well selected, and very attentive to their charges. The open-door system is found here in full operation, and no complaints are heard either from patients or attendants. All the statutory books and documents are kept in proper form. I discussed with Dr. Alexander all the recent cases, and I am satisfied that the medical treatment is careful and intelligent. 9th March, 1890. —This Asylum is nearly full, and in admirable order. I examined the certificates of all those who were admitted since my last visit, and conversed separately with every inmate. No one is improperly detained. An inebriate who had voluntarily come under a Judge's order, believing that no insane persons were admitted, and who was suffering from contact with them, I ordered to be let out on trial, at Dr. Alexander's suggestion. I heard no complaints of any neglect or unkindness, though I gave every opportunity for private conversation. The rooms are extremely tidy and comfortable, and the wants of the patients are carefully attended to. The salubrious situation of the Asylum, and the admirable way in which it is managed, are beyond praise; it is a pleasure to visit it. The books and papers are all in order. The number of patients is seventeen males ar.d seventeen females. None in seclusion. I have, &c., D. Macgregor, M.A., M.8., The Hon. the Colonial Secretary. Inspector of Asylums.

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APPENDIX.

Table I.—Showing the Admissions, Readmissions, Discharges, and Deaths in Asylums during the Year 1889.

Table II.—Admissions, Discharges, and Deaths, with the Mean Annual Mortality and Proportion of Recoveries, &c., per Cent. on the Admissions, &c., during the Year 1889.

Table II.— continued.

Table II.— continued.

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M. F. T. M. 1,041 P. T. 640 1,681 [n asylums 1st January, 1889 Vdmitted for the first time Readmitted 181 49 123 38 304 87 1 230 161 391 Total under care during the year Discharged and removed— Recovered Believed Not improved Died 93 31 3 70 53 30 1 30 146 61 4 100 1,271 801 2,072 197 114 311 Remaining in asylums 31st December, 1889 .. 1,074 687 1,761 'ncrease over 31st December, 1888 .. 88 17 BO Average number resident during the year 1,046$ G60J 1,707

Admissions in 1889. Total Number of Auylume. In Asylums on 1st January, 1889. Admitted for the First Time. Readmitted. Total. i Patients under Care. Auckland Christchurch Dunedin (Seaclifl) Hokitika Nelson Wellington Ashburn Hall (private asylum) M. F. 243 124 216 147 302'188 74 30 54 42 138 99 14 10 T. 367 363 490 104 96 237 24 M. 46 36 28 8 6 54 3 F. 22 22 32 2 2 32 11 T. 68 58 60 10 8 86 14 M. F. y 4 12 7 10 U 3 0 3 1 11 11 1 3 T. 13 19 22 3 4 22 4 jr. 55 48 38 11 9 65 -I F. T. 26 81 29 77 44 82 2 13 3 12 48 108 14 18 ir. p. 298 150 264 176 340 232 85 32 63 45 203 142 18 24 T. 448 440 572 117 108 345 42 Totals 1,041 640 1,681 181 123 304 19 38 87 230 161 391 1,271 801 2,072

Patients discharged and died. In Asylums Asylums. Discharged recovered. Discharged not recovered. Died. Total discharged and died. 31st December. 1889. Auckland Christchurch Dunedin (Seaclifi) Hokitika Nelson Wellington Ashburn Hall (private asylum) M. 14 19 25 5 3 26 1 p. 13 8 5 0 1 19 7 T. 27 27 30 5 4 45 8 M. r> 7 13 3 1 5 0 i 17 6 1 0 2 1 T. M. •J 18 24 15 19 20 4; -j 11 a 7 13 1 0 F. 5 0 7 1 g 9 0 T. 23 21 27 3 5 21 0 M. 87 41 58 10 7 48 1 p. 22 31 18 ■J 3 30 8 T. 59 72 76 12 10 73 9 M. p. 261 128 223 145 282 214 75 30 56 42 160 112 17 16 T. 389 368 496 105 98 272 33 Totals 93 53 140 34 31 65 i 70 30 100 197 114 311 1,074 687 1,761

Asylums. Average Number resident during the Year. Percentage of Recoveries on Admissions during the Year. Percentage of Deaths on Average Number resident during the Year. Percentage of Deaths on the Admissions. Auckland Christchurch Dunedin (Scacliff) Hokitika Nelson Wellington Ashburn Hall (private asylum) M. F. 242 125 220 147 291 191) 75 30 54£ 41J 147 102 17 16 T. 367 367 490 105 96 249 33 M. F. T. 25-45 50-00 33-33 39-58 27-58 35-06 G5-79 11-36 36-58 45-45 00-00 38-46 33-33 33-33 33-33 40-00 44-19 41-67 25-00 50-00 44-44 M. 1'. T. 7-44 4-00 6-27 G-82 4-08 5-72 6-87 3-52 5-51 2-OG 3-33 2-85 5-50 4-82 5-21 8-16 8-82 8-43 000 000 000 M. F. T. 32-73 19-23 28-40 31-25 20-G'J 27-27 5263 15-91 32-93 18-18 50-00 23-0& 33-33 CG-OG 41-67 18-46 20-93 19-44 0-00 0-00 0-00 Totals l,046J 660J 1,707 40-43 32-92 37-34 6-69 4-54 5-86 30-43 18-63 25-58 •

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8

Table III.—Ages of Admissions.

Table IV.—Duration of Disorder at Admission.

Table V.—Ages of Patients discharged "recovered" and "not recovered" during the Year 1889.

Table V.— continued.

Ages. Auckland. Christchurch. (§225$° H «*itU».' Nelson. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. M. F. T. 1 M. P, T. M. P. T. j M. P. T. M. P. T. M. F. T , M. F. T. M. F. T. Inder 5 years 'rom 5 to 10 years . 10 „ 15 „ « 15 . 20 , . 20 , 30 . „ 30 „ 40 „ . 40 , 50 , . 50 , 60 „ . 60 „ 70 . „ 70 „ 80 „ „ 80 „ 90 „ Inknown 0 2 2 1 1 2. 0 1 1 10 12 22 11 8 19 13 3 16' 15 6 21 13 6 19 11 10 21 9 1 10 4 2 6 7 0 7 6 0 6 112011 1 "o 1 1 "l 2 0 2 2 2 2 4 9 10 19 11 8 19 7 12 19: 9 7 16! 0 2 2' 0 1 li 0 I 1 '.'. 2 0 2 !! 3 0 3 0 2 2 112 3 14 4 0 4 3 0 3 10 1 2 0 2 1 "0 1 2 0 2 1 4 5 9, 8 8 16* 24 15 39| 17 12 29 5 0 5 2 2 4 ! 10 1 2 0 2 0 6 6 12 3 15 6 112 2 4 6 11 9 20 41 46 87 68 36 104 56 45 101 28 10 38 17 5 22 2 3 5 0 1 li .. .. 1 -o 1 :: 1 "l 2 4 2 6 Totals 55 26 8l| 48 29 77 38 44 82 ■11 2 13| 9 3 12 65 43 108 4 14 18 230 161 391

Aucklaud. Christchurch. Dunedin (Seacliff). Hokitika. Nelson. Wellington. Ashburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. First Glass (first attack, and within 3 months on admission) Second Class (first attack, above 3 months on admission) Third Class (not first attack, and within 12 months on admission) Fourth Class (first attack or not, but of more than 12 months on admission) Unknown M. P. T. M. P. T. M. P. T. M. P. T. M. F. T. M. P. T. M. P. T. M. F. T. 13 10 23 1C 14 30 19 20 39 4 15 4 6 4 44 18 62 3 5 8 103 68 171 10 3 13 2 2 4 7 11 18 10 1 2 0 2 7 5 12 0 3 3 29 24 53 14 4 18 15 6 21 5 7 12 3 0 3 3 3 6 5 10 15 13 4 46 33 79 18 9 27 4 6 10 11 1 12 7 6 13 112 2 0 2 9 10 19 0 3 3 39 35 74 13 1 11 Totals 38 44 82 11 2 13 9 3 12 65 43 101 4 14 18 55 2C 81 48 29 77 230 161 391

Auck [land. Christchurch. Dunedin (Scacliff). Hokitika. Ages. Recovered recovered j Reooveled recovered K«°°™-ea| recovered Recovered Not recovered M. P. T. M. P. T. '. M. P. T. H. V. T. M. F. T. M. P. T. M. P. T. M. F. T. From 5 to 10 . 10 , 15 , 15 „ 20 , 20 „ 30 „ 30 , 40 , 40 „ 50 . 50 „ 60 . 60 „ 70 . 70 „ 80 „ 80 , 90 Unknown Oil 3 5 8 4 2 6 3 3 6 2 13 2 13 Oil 0 3 3 6 17 2 13 3 3 0 10 1 5 3 8 I 3 0 3 10 1 2 0 2 10 1 0 11 14 5 3 7 10 14 5 2 0 2 10 1 5 2 7 7 1 8 6 2 8 6 0 6 7 2 9 2 13 2 2 4 2 13 1 0 1 10 1 2 0 2 10 1 2 0 2 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 Y 1 Totals .. 14 13 27 5 4 9 19 8 27 7 17 24 25 5 30 Il8 6 19 5 0 5 3 14

Ages. Nelson. Recovered \ r J v % ed Nelson. Wellington. Ashburi (Private I lHall .sylum). Total. iecovered rec^ed j Recovered Not recovered Recovered I J^ nA From 5 to 10 . 10 „ 15 . 15 „ 20 ., 20 „ 30 „ 30 , 40 „ 40 „ 50 . 50 „ 60 . 60 „ 70 „ 70 „ 80 . 80 „ 00 Unknown M. Y. T. Mi F, T. .. l i 2 '.'. .. 2 0 2 10 1 M. F. T. M. P. T. 10 1 14 5 10 1 9 6 15 Oil 8 6 14 10 1 4 2 6 112 3 0 3 10 1 Oil 10 1 M. F. T. Oil 0 3 3 112 0 2 2 M. F. T. oil M. F. T. 10 1 3 7 10 24 17 41 24 14 38 22 12 34 15 1 16 4 2 6 M. F. T. 3 14 8 10 18 8 11 19 6 7 13 6 17 1 0 1 2 13 Totals .. a l 4 loi 26 19 45 5 2 7 17 8 0 1 1 93 53 146 34 31 65 **r -M. MS -■" \J ** V

9

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Table VI.—Ages of the Patients who died.

2—H. 12.

Akc.-. Ashborn j Auckland. <££& ,S HoUtika. Nelson. Wellington. „£«»,„ Asylum). Total. From 5 to 10 years „ 10 „ 15 „ „ 15 „ 20 „ ,. 20 „ 30 „ „ 30 „ 40 „ „ 40 „ 50 „ „ 50 „ 00 „ „ 60 „ 70 „ ,. 70 „ 80 „ „ 80 „ 'JO „ Unknown Touils M. P. T. If. P. I. M. F. T. If, P. T. 31. P. T. ..Oil Oil 101 2 0 2 2 0 2 10 1 Oil 2 0 2 8 8-6 0 17 .. 112 115 2 0 2 5 16 10 1 4 2 0 3 0 3 5 10 0 11 2 0 2 202 22 1 022 .. 'oil 30 3 213 112 .... .. 10 1 ..101101 .. 101 .. 18 5 23 15 0 21 20 7 27 2 13 3 2 5 M. P. T. M, 1'. T. 13 1 5 10 12 0 112 0 2 2 '.'. 1 (I 1 12 '.) 21 M. I' , . T. 0 1 1 1 1 2 2 0 2 4 4 8 17 0 23 16 4 20 15 5 20 4 5 0 0 4 10 1 (I 1 4 0 4 70 30 100 Table VII. —Condition- as to Mabbiage. Admissions. Dischargee. Deaths. Auckland — Single .. Married Widowed Unknown J M. 1 ■'. T. 80 10 40 ■22 14 ao a 2 5 M . V. T. :!() 10 10 22 14 86 3 2 5 If. »'. I 6 .Sill 7 1! 2 2 If. i; ii ■i l\ T. .S 11 7 18 2 4 M. 11 5 •2 P. T. I Iβ 0 5 1 3 Totals 55 20 81 ■'>■') 20 81 19 17 3( 19 17 86 18 5 23 Chbistchubch — Single Harried Widowed Unknown 39 9 88 17 17 34 12 8 l i a 2!) '.) 88 17 17 34 I 2 a 1 1 2 17 7 2- ;> 18 21 0 5 ( 17 7 24 9 18 22 0 5 5 'J ;■, 0 1 0 !) 5 10 1 1 (I 1 Totals 48 29 77 ■18 2!) 77 26 25 51 20 25 51 15 0 21 DoNEDIH (SeacliiT) — Single Married Widowed Unknown 26 12 88 12 24 36 0 8 8 26 12 88 12 24 86 0 8 8 21 0 21 12 1.1 2£ 2 0 1 21 0 21 12 II 23 2 0 2 13 6 1 1 14 6 12 0 1 Totals 38 41 82 88 41 82 88 11 41 38 11 4'J 20 7 27 llOKITIKA — Single Married Widowed Unknown ;; 10 1 II 1 I 2 10 1 1 11 1 2 6 0 ( ii 1 I 2 0 2 6 ii 0 1 0 0 1 -J 2 0 0 1 2 1 Totals 11 2 18 ii 2 13 s l a s i y .j 1 a Nelson — Single Married Widowed Unknown 4 1 5 4 15 1 1 S 4 4 1 1 1 1 5 5 8 o a 1 1 2 8 1 0 1 a ■ ) 1 0 3 Totals 'J a 12 'J 3 12 4 15 i 1 3 2 5 Wellington— Single Married Widowed Unknown 89 l'J 58 24 20 44 2 4 0 au la 58 24 20 44 2 4 0 25 B M 0 10 16 0 2 2 25 B M 6 10 10 0 2 2 o 5 1 5 11 a e 1 2 Totals 65 43 108 65 43 108 31 21 52 31 21 52 12 'J 21 Ashbuun Hall (Private Asylum)— ' Single Married Widowed Unknown \' t 8 (i !) 16 7 0 2 2 ii 1 0 0 0 7 II 2 -1 1 I B 0 2 2 (I 1 0 •I •1 5 Totala 4 14 18 4 14 18 1 8 0 1 8 9 Totals— Single Married Widowed Unknown J II 58 190 SI 88 L64 7 l'J 26 1 1 9 81 26 107 10 47 87 ii II 17 18 10 53 22 10 38 I 1 8 1 0 1 Totals 230 101 3'J1 127 SI 211 127 81 2] I 70 30 100

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10

Table VIII.—Native Countries.

Table IX.—Ages of Patients on 31st December, 1889.

Table X.— Length of Residence of Patients who died during 1889.

Countries. Auckland. iChristehurch °—■ Hokitika. Nelson. Wellington. Ashlmrn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. M. V. T. England .. .. Ill 50 101 Scotland .. .. 24 9 33 Ireland .. .. 03 37 100 New Zealand .. 25 20 45 Australian Colonies 10 1 France .. .. 3 0 3 (iermaiiy .. 3 0 8 Norway .. .. 2 0 2 Sweden .. .. 3 0 3 Denmark .. 1 0 1 Italy .. ..101 China .. .. 3 0 3 Maoris .. .. 0 4 18 Other countries .. 12 8 20 M. K. T. M. F. T. 'JO GO 150 70 52 122 28 20 48; 72 72 144 70 45 116 08 09 137 13 9 22 9 11 20 3 2 5 5 3 8 10 12 4 6 7 1 8, 5 3 8 1 1 2 2 0 2 9 0 9 4 0 4 10 1 6 0 5 10 1 18 0 18 Oil 8 0 141 13 0 13 M. F. T. M. F. T. 15 G 21 23 13 3G 18 3 It; 2 8 5 24 17 41; 18 11 29 C 2 8 8 10 18 112 0 2 2 5 0 5 0 11 M. F. T. 49 32 81 28 9 32 47 41 88 14 14 28 4 2 G I M. l\ T. M. P. (i G 12 304 219 5 3 8 107 110 0 3 3 290 223 5 3 8i 80 09 112 15 9 GO 27 9 5 2 10 1 11 4 10 0 27 0 10 7 40 10 T, 588 286 513 119 24 12 30 7 17 15 10 27 17 05 2 0 2 0 11 3 1 4 2 0 2 2 0 2 10 1 3 0 3 10 1 7 4 11 9 1 1 'J 0 2 1 3 4 1 0 1 l 2 a 11 4 15 10 1112 Totals .. 261128 389 223 145 368 282 214 4% 75 30105 50 42 98 1G0 112 272 17 16 33 1,074 687 1,7C1

Ages. Aucklaud. Ashbuni SS& ,S Hokitlk.. *«■-• Wellington. Asylum). Total. 1 to 5 years 5 „ 10 „ 10 „ 15 „ 15 „ 20 . 20 , 30 „ 30 „ 40 „ 40 . 50 „ 50 „ 60 „ 60 „ 70 „ 70 „ 80 „ 80 , 90 „ Unknown „ M. F. T. M. F. T. M. P. T. 0 11112 112 .. 3 4 7 ■1 0 2 0 2 2 7 6 13 27 20 47 28 18 46 23 31 54 71 31 102 51 40 91| 83 52 135 75 32 107 54 44 98 81 77 158 52 22 74 66 29 95: C6 37 103 23 12 35 18 9 27 16 6 22 4 4 8*4 3 63 1 4 13 4.. 5 2 7 10 1M. r. T. 0 11 1 0 1 0 1 1 5 0 6 9 6 15 30 14 44 20 4 24 6 0 6 12 3 M. F. T. ! It. V. T. M. F, T. :: i "o i w 3 0 3 3 14 4 2 <> 2 0 2 5 <J 14 16 16 32 3 5 8 12 10 22 45 27 72 4 2 6 19 14 33' 47 37 84 3 7 10 11 5 16 23 14 37! 3 1 4 6 3 9 12 7 19 112 0116 4 10 101 10 1.. 2 4 0 M. F. 2 3 11 0 15 11 107 99 275 168 309 225 241 112 82 38 19 14 2 3 11 8 T. 5 17 20 206 443 534 353 120 33 5 19 3 2 5 Totals 261 128 389 223 145 368 282 214 491 I 56 42 98160 112 27217 16 33 75 30 105 1,074 687 1,761

Length of Kesicleiicc. Ashburu *«<*"»"■ SK. (8SSSS H0kUika - Nel8OU - * eIlh '« tOU - (1-HvL Asylum). Total. 1C. P. T. II. F. T. M. P. T. M. F. X. M. F. T. ! M. F. T. M. F. T. Under 1 month .. .. .. .. 11.2 .. .. 101 1 to 3 months .. .. 104 314 Oil .. 101 10 1 i- „ 6 „ .. .. 10 1 2 0 2 8 14 10 110 12 0a' G „ 9 „ .. .. 1 0 1 I 2 0 2 .. .. .. 10 1 ( J „ 12 .. ..112101: .. .. .. 134 1 „ 2 years .. ..314 2 24 303. .. .. 213 2 „ 3 „ .. .. 202 0 2 2022' .. 101 20 2 3 „ 5 „ .. ..224 .. 617 5 „ 7 „ .. .. .. .. .. .. 0 110 11 7 ,,10,, .. .. 101 2 0 2 104011011 0 2 2 10 „ 12 „ .. ..101101112 12 „ 15 „ .. .. .. Oil .. .. .. Oil' Over 15,, .. .. 2132 02 20210 1 .. Oil' Died while absent on trial .. .. .. .. .. .. 2 0 2 M. F. T. 2 13 9 2 11 10 1 11 4 0 4 3 4 7 10 4 14 5 4 9 8 3 11 0 2 2 7 4 11 3 14 0 2 2 7 2 9 2 0 'J Totals .. 18 5 23 15 (j 21 ' 20 7 27 ■ 2 1 3 3 2 5 12 'J 21 . J I i i ; 70 30 100

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Table XI.—Length of Residence of Patients discharged "recovered" during 1889.

Table XII. —Causes of Death.

11

Length of Residence. Auckland. Christ- Dunedin H «i,: f it<. church. (Sencliff). ; HoKltlka - Nelson. Ashburn Wellington. (1 ™> te J Asylum). Total. M. F. T. M. P. T. 2 0 2 10 2 12 4 15 13 4 10 1 112 M. F. T. 3 0 3 0 3 9 3 0 3 112 2 0 2 2 13 M. P. T. M. P. T. II. P. T. 2 13 6 3 9 5 8 13 4 5 9 3 0 3 2 2 4 M. P. T. 0 2 2 Oil Oil 112 M. F. T. 7 3 10 30 10 40 16 12 28 12 12 24 7 18 7 11 18 10 1 6 3 9 2 13 2 0 2 Under 1 month Prom 1 to 3 months . 3 „ 6 „ . 0 , 9 „ - 9 ,,12 „ 1 „ 2 years .. .2.8 „ .. „ 3 „ 5 „ .. „ 5 ,,7 „ .. „ 7 ,,10 „ .. „ 10 „12 „ .. „ 12 „15 „ .. Over 15 .. j 4 0 4 4 2 6 .. 3 2 5 .. 112 ..1156 .. i 0 2 2 .. 112 oil 5 0 5 2 0 2 2 0 2 1 0 1 2 1 3 1 0 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 0 SI 2 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 10 1 Totals .. 14 13 27 19 8 27 25 5 30 5 0 5 3 14 26 19 45 17 8 93 53 14G

Causes. < Auckland, gg* Duuedin (Seaoliff). Ashbuin Hokitika. Ne.son. Wgtar J Asylum). I Total. I Aortic disease with hypertrophy .. Apoplexy Brain disease Bright's disease Bronchitis Cancer Cerebral atrophy Cerebral tumour Cirrhosis of liver.. Epilepsy Exhaustion Gangrene of lung General atrophy Heart disease Kidney and bladder disease Meningitis (Edema of lungs Ossification of aorta and cerebral vessels Paralysis Phthisis Pneumonia Pycemia Rupture of intestines from chronic peritonitis Soirrhua of mesentery Senile decay Syncope Tuberculosis Ulcerative endocarditis .. Died while absent on trial Totals .. M. F. T. M. F. T. 10 1 2 0 2 2 0 2 (12 3 12 3 10 1 112X01 10 1 112 '.'. 10 1 2 'J 4 0 1 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 10 1 1 0 1 .'. 10 1 2 0 2 8 2 5 10 1 10 1 10 1 .. 18 5 23 16 r. 21 M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. M. F. T. ,|m. f. t. 10 1 6 17 5 0 11 Oil 12 3 1 1 2 10 1 1 0 1 10 1 4 3 4 7 4 5 9 1 0 1 1 0 1 8 8 r> 1 0 1 1 0 1 202 1 0 1 2 0 2 10 1 0 11; 2 2 4 • .. Oil;.. 10 1, .. 0111 .. 0 V 1 Oil 10 1 1 0 1 10 1 10 1 112 12 3 0 1112 3 10] 10 1 2 0 2 4 15 2 2 4 1 0 1 10 14 0 4 0 11 10 1 11 1 12 5 8 S 2 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 3 14 0 11 10 1 Oil 8 3 11 2 0 2 2 0 2 10 1 2 0 2 10 1 '.'. '.'. 2 0 2: '.'. 20 7 27 2 13 3 2 5 j 12 9 21 i 70 30 100

ll.—l-2.

Table XIII.—Causes of Insanity.

12

Causes. Ancklmwl Christ- Diinedin Auckland. ,.,,„„.,,, iscuclitii. Hokitika. Hokitika. Neleon. ™m ng - Nelson. Afthburn Hall (Private Asylum). Total. Accident M. F. T. M. P. T. M. P. T. ..101101011 M. F. T. M, V. T. M. F. T. 10 1 4 0 4 M. F. T. If. F. T. 7 18 Adverse circumstances ..505101 6 0 G Amenorrhea 0 110 11 [ 0 2 2 Brain disease ..218 2 0 2 4 15 Cerebral embolism 1 0 1 1 0 1 Child-bearing ..022 .. 044 Oil 0 5 5 0 1 1 0 18 18 Climacteric ..011011011 Oil 0 4 4 Congenital ..426 80 8011 10 1 2 0 2 10 8 18 Convulsions 112 112 Domestic troubles .. 1 2 3 0 G 6 18 9 12 4 17 21 Drink .. 7 3 10 4 2 0 10 8 18 1 0 1 SOS 0 2 2 30 15 45 Epilepsy .. 10 110 1 3 2 5 1 0 1 5 1 f, 11 8 14 Krotic excitement ..101 1 0 1 Excitement ..112 112 Exposure 10 1 1 0 1 Financial difficulties .. Fright Grief Heart disease ..202 ..Ollj •• 101 .. 0 1 1 j ..101 10 1 Oil 3 14 0 110 11 13 4 12 3 Oil 14 5 10 1 Hereditary .. 3 0 9 0 2 2 8 3 11 2 0 2 2 2 4 17 8 1G 20 3G Hysteria ..022 Oil 022 0 6 5 Locomotor ataxia ..101 1 0 1 Love .. loioiio'aa 2 2 4 0 1 1 3 c> 9 Masturbation ..505 .. 1202 4 0 4 1 0 1 12 0 12 Mental anxiety .. 101 213 101 2 2 4 10 1 7 3 10 Moral depravity ..101 1 0 1 Ovaritis and otitis ..Oil Oil 0 2 2 Paralysis 10 1 2 0 2 3 0 3 Phthisis Oil Oil Physical causes ..814 .. Oil 3 2 5 Religious mania ..GOO 2 0 2 2 4 C •• 10 4 14 Rheumatism .. Oil 0 1 1 Senile decay .. 2 13 .3 0 3 13 4 10 1 0 1 1 '7 r, \-± Softening of brain ..202 1 0 1 10 1 4 0 4 Solitude .. 2 2 4 j 1 0 I 101 10 1 Oil 5 8 S Sunstroko ..202011101 10 1 4 1 5 Syphilis ..Ollj 2 0 2 2 13 Unknown ..707 96 11 86 8 7 10 4 0 4 1 0 1 26 18 44 Gf. 3G 102 Not insane 8 2 5 i :: 2 r> Totals i .. 55 2fi SI 48 29 77 38 44 Si! 5.-, 26 si 48 -2'.) 77 38 44 S2 11 2 13 . 9 3 12 G5 43 108 4 14 18 230 161 89]

13

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Table XIV.—Former Occupations of Patients.

Occupations. Auckland. Chl-ist-clnirch. Dunedin (Seacliff). Hokitika. Nelson. Wellington. Aslibura Hall (Private Asylum). Total Males. 1C. P. T. 10 1 M. F. T. M. P. T. 10 1 10 1 10 1 M. F. T. M. F. T. it. P. T. M. F. T. 2 6 2 1 0 1 10 1 II. F. T. 2 0 2 4 0 4 5 0 5 10 1 4 0 4 4 0 4 11 0 11 4 0 4 1 0 1 12 0 12 1 0 1 4 0 4 2 0 2 3 0 8 1 0 1 2 0 2 15 0 15 10 1 2 0 2 2 0 2 2 (I 2 1 0 1 '.) (I '.I 2 0 2 77 0 77 7 0 7 1 0 1 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 0 0 6 2 0 2 10 1 3 0 3 10 1 11 0 11 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 13 0 13 2 0 2 Bakers Blacksmiths Bootmakers Builder Butchers Cabinetmakers Carpenters Carters, coachmen, &c. Chimney-sweep Clerks Commercial traveller .. Compositors Convicts Cooks Draughtsman Engineers Farmers Fireman Fishermen Gardeners Gentlemen Gaol-warder Gumdiggers Hawkers Labourers Miners News agent Painters Postman Poundkeeper Seamen Settlers Shearer Shepherds Shipbuilder Shopkeepers and shopmen Solicitors Stationmaster Steward Student Well-sinker Wheelwright No occupation Unknown 10 1 1 0 1 10 1 8 0 8 1 0 1 1 0 1 i 6 1 2 0 2 1 6 1 10 1 i '6 i 2 0 2 9 o g 10 1 10 1 8 6 S 2 0 2 2 0 2 1 0 1 1 0 1 4 0 4 1 6 1 2 0 2 8 6 S 8 6 8 1 0 1 3 0 3 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 9 0 'J 4 0 4 10 1 1 V) 1 1 0 1 2 6 2 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 8 0 3 1 0 1 4 6 4 1 0 1 1 0 1 2 0 2 5 0 5 i 6 i 1 0 1 12 0 12 2 0 2 20 0 20 5 6 G 4 0 4 1 0 1 27 0 27 10 1 2 0 2 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 10 1 3 0 3 1 'o 1 10 1 2 0 2 10 1 1 0 1 5 0 5 4 0 4 1 0 1 10 1 1 0 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 10 1 2 0 2 2 '6 2 8 0 8 10 1 1 0 1 Females. Boardinghouse-keeper.. Domestic duties Domestic servants Dressmakers Factory hand Governesses and teachers llotelkeepers Housekeepers Prostitutes Storekeeper Vagrant No occupation 0 16 16 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 3 3 0 19 19 0 5 5 Oil 0 27 27 0 7 7 oil oil 0 2 2 Oil 0 32 32 0 7 7 0 2 2 oil o io io! .. 0 2 2 0 2 2 I Oil 0 107107 0 21 21 0 5 5 Oil 0 6 G 0 2 2 0 2 2 0 4 4 Oil Oil 0 10 10 0 'i 1 0 2 2 0 3 3 Oil 0 2 2 0 I 1 0 4 4 0 2 2 oil 0 'i 1 Totals 55 26 81 48 29 77 38 44 82 11 2 13 9 3 12 65 43 1081 4 14 18 230 101 391

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14

Table XV.— Showing the Expenditure for the Year 1889.

Table XVI.— Average Cost of each Patient per Annum.

Note.— The total cost per patient, including the three first items in Table XV., is £26 16s. ll£d. The net cost, after deducting repayments for maintenance, sale of produce &c is £21 10s 4d per patient, as against £21 Bs. Id. for 1888—i.e., Bs. 3d. per week. > •> " ■■ i

Items. I A uckland. Christchurch. Dunedin (Seacliffl. e s. a. Hokitika. £ s. d. Nelson. Wellington (including Porirua). Total. I i I I nspector* Medical fees* Contingencies* Visiting Medical Officers Superintendents Clerks Matrons Attendants and servants Hations Fuel and light Bedding and clothing Surgery and dispensary Wines, spirits, ale, and porter .. Parm Necessaries, incidental and miscellaneous £ s. d. £ s. d. s s. a. £ s. a. £ s. <1. 435' 0 0 92 0 2 88 13 7 2,111 10 104 1,916 10 0| 382 6 74 821 3 7" 33 14 3 0 19 0 78 0 4 1,134 7 74 £ s. d. 1,200 0 0 888 4 0 313 8 5 325 0 0 2,041 17 1 516 9 6 370 0 11 12,749 10 2J 13,287 3 5j 1,721 7 HA 4,320 18 2 179 13 4 33 19 1 1,007 10 9 5,388 12 64 554 3 4 100 0 0 2,925 18 7 3,037 5 5 J 401 15 8 762 14 9 26 0 8 18 15 5 282 3 4 736 11 9 554 3 4 100 0 0 2,92518 7 3,037 5 5, 401 15 8 762 14 9 26 0 8 18 15 5 282 3 4 736 11 9 600 0 0 I 180 0 0 26 4 5 2,506 8 1 ij 3,132 12 8 I 519 19 10 I 794 2 7 I 43 13 7 I 2 14 0 274 5 4 I 740 19 3 008 0 8 144 3 4 100 0 0 3,427 10 11 3,378 12 2 297 13 4 1. 100 9 2 48 9 1 2 8 0 295 6 8 2,215 11 3 125 0 0 300 0 0 85 0 0 054 3 4 924 9 5 6 4 0 143 14 0 18 11 1 18 2 223 14 7 200' 0 0 144 7 1 70 2 11 823 18 5 897 13 3 113 8 6 398 14 1 9 4 8 7 14 6 77 15 6 337 8 1 Totals Repayments, sale of produce, &c. 8,845 8 11 J 2,238 5 4 8,820 19 9 2,422 11 4 11,918 10 2 2,120 12 6 2.782 4 7 201 4 10 3,080 7 0 584 10 1 7,094 12 6j 1,351 6 8 44,943 15 5J 8,924 10 9 Actual cost 6,607 3 7J 6,398 8 5 9,791 17 8 2,580 19 9 2,495 16 11 5,743 5 10f 36,019 4 84. * Not included in Table XVI.

Asylums. Provisions. : Salaries. Be a a ni ng "SisClothing. I L '8 ht - Surgery and Dispensary. Wines, Spirits, Ale, &c. N Iuefrtm!tal S ' TotalCost Kepayn.ent I Cost per Cost per ! Decrease Illcreasc , and Mis- S? T ,or Maui- Head, less Heaa in ;„ eellancous.* * atleut - teiiauce. Repayments, ''yja?" 8 j 1889 - 1«»I I £ s. a. £ s. a. : £ s. a. , .t s. a. 18 5 9} 18 13 2 ' 0 7 41 I 17 18 7 18 1 8} 0 3 lj 20 8 3J 21 7 5 0 19 1} 24 19 2£ 24 1 2 .. 0 18 04 27 8 8 21 8 5 .. 6 0 3 23 14 9 21 10 11 .. 2 3 10 Auckland .. Christchurch Dunedin (Seacliff) .. Hokitika Nelson Wellington .. £ s. a. i £ s. a. .. 8 5 6J ; 9 15 1£ .. 8 10 84 ! 9 0 6| .. 6 17 10} 8 14 8| .. 8 16 1 13 18 104 .. 9 7 0 12 18 0 7 13 11J 10 19 1 £ s. d. 2 16} 2 3 3J 2 17 1} 1 7 44 4 3 0} 3 5 114 £ s. d. 1 1 10} 18 4 0 12 1} 0 1 2£ 1 3 74 1 10 84 £ s. a. £ s. a. £ s. a. £ s. a. £ s. a. 0 1 5 ! 0 1 0J 2 15 04 24 2 04 5 10 2} 0 2 44 0 0 1} 2 15 4 24 0 84 6 2 14 0 1 11} 0 0 1J 5 2 5} 24 6 6J 8 18 24 0 3 OJ 0 0 3} 2 2 7.1 20 9 llj ] 10 9 0 1 11 0 1 7| 4 6 6 82 1 8j 4 13 0} 0 2 84 0 0 1 4 17 4j 2S 9 lOJ 4 15 l| Averages .. 7 18 9 9 18 44 2 11 74 10 6} 0 2 1} I 0 0 4} 8 16 5 25 8 3-j 4 16 64 : 1 i 20 11 8} 20 6 71 1 0 5 14 * Includini farm.

H..—l-2

15

Table XVII.—Expenditure, out of Immigration and Public Works Loan, on Asylum Buildings during the Financial Year ended 31st March, 1890, and Liabilities for the same.

Table XVIII.-Total Expenditure, out of Immigration and Public Works Loan, for Repairs and Buildings at each Asylum from 1st July, 1878, to 31st March, 1890.

[Approximate Cost of Paper.— Preparation, Nil; printing (1,100 copies), i'la.j

By Authority: George Didsbuky, Government Printer, Wellington.—l Boo.

Asylums. Net Expenditure to :ilst March, 1890. Net Expenditure to :ilst .March, 1890. Liabilities on aist March, 18D0. i Auckland Wellington I Porirua f Christchurch Dunedio (Seacliff).. Hokitika Nelson Totals £ s. d. UO 19 6 10,963 13 11 4,400 13 7 63 0 0 200 0 0 15,716 VI 0 I £ s. a. 1,536 16 3 41 0 0 2,618 17 7 i'M 3 5 38 0 0 4,519 17 3 15,716 13 0 4,519 17 3

Asylums. 1K7K 88. L888-84. 1884-85. 1N85-80. £ s. a. Auckland .. .. .. 32,205 1!) 2 Wellington .. .. .. 13,700 2 6 Wellington (Porirua Koad Asylum).. Christchurch .. .. .. 86,972 L8 9 Dunedin (Seacliff) .. .. 54,021 9 10 Napier .. .. .. .. 1 IT 0 0 Hokitika.. .. .. .. 1,012 18 10 Nelson .. .. .. .. 853 13 7 e s. a. 9,84] 7 6 4,033 8 1 ■J. 750 O (I s, 684 9 1 32,128 5 8 009 13 5 I .t s. a. 3,210 14 0 1,204 10 9 5,490 7 10 15,080 4 0 £ s. a. 138 0 3 Cr. 10 10 0 2,13117 2 1,729 5 0 10 11 9 7 15 0 Totals .. .. ... 138,548 17 8 68,046 18 9 24,992 3 3 58,040 18 9 24,992 3 3 4,007 0 2 ; 1887-88, 1888 89. 188'J-'JU. — m Total Net Expenditure from 1st July, 1878. Asylums, 1880-87. Auckland Wellington Wellington (Porirua Koad Asylum).. Chiietoburoa Dunedin (Seacliff) Napier Hokitika.. Nelson k. s. a. 2,728 7 4 241 1 10 1,400 7 0 0,107 2 7 1,744 15 11 a. s. a. £ b. a. £ s. a. 11,474 18 9 3,205 4 2 90 19 6 I 1,881 2 7 10 8 4 9,808 19 5 ! 3,943 15 5 , 10,902 18 11 170 2 1 2,870 14 7 4,400 13 7 £ s. d. 02,401 17 4 25,382 12 1 83,002 4 2 104,757 11 2 147 0 0 1,121 10 7 3,482 13 7 •1,400 11 1 02 0 0 (200 0 0 200 O O 200 0 0 Totals 13,094 5 9 23,107 2 10 10,242 2 6 15,710 12 0 280,355 8 11 ■ Includes i'100 charged as iiuauthorisi id. ! Includes il-JOO charged as unauthorised.