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1933. NEW ZEALAND.

PRISONS DEPARTMENT (REPORT ON) FOR THE YEAR 1932-33.

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

The Hon. the Minister in Charge of the Prisons Department to His Excellency the GovernorGeneral. Wellington, 7th November, 1933. I have the honour to submit to Your Excellency the report of the Prisons Department for the year 1932-33. I have, &c, John G. Cobbe, Minister in Charge of Prisons Department.

The Controller-General of Prisons to the Hon. the Minister in Charge of the Prisons Department. Sir,— I have the honour to present the annual report of the Prisons Department for the financial year ended the 31st March, 1933, together with extracts from the reports of Controlling Officers, and the criminal statistics for the calendar year ended 31st December, 1932. The institutional reports have been abridged on account of the need fcr economy. Prison Statistics. The tables of statistics which are appended to this report show that at the beginning of the year there were 1,657 persons in custody in the various institutions controlled by the Department throughout the Dominion. Summarized the statistics show that during the year 5,198 prisoners were received into custody, as against 5,340 in 1931, showing a decrease of 142. The number of persons released unconditionally, or on probationary license, was 4,654, and at the end of the year there remained in custody a total of 1,583 (1,492 males and 91 females) a reduction of 71 on the figures for the previous year. The statistics of receptions, the number of distinct persons, and the daily average for the past five years are summarized in the following table : —

The receptions during 1932 include 102 persona who were arrested for offences committed during the riots which occurred at Auckland and Wellington in April and May of that year. The disturbances which occurred at Christchurcli during the tramway strike in that city, and the unemployed demonstrations at Dunedin and Huntly, account for a further thirty-nine committals. But for the inflation of the totals by these receptions, the committals during 1932 would have been 5,059, or a decrease of 283 on the number received into custody during the previous year. The normal receptions thus show a reduction of slightly over 5 per cent.

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Y Total Offenders Total Distinct Daily Average received. Offenders. in Custody. ]932 .. .. .. .. 5,198 3,401 1669-17 1931 .. .. .. .. 5,340 3,203 1634-39 1930 .. .. .. .. 4,909 2,864 1466-02 1929 4,357 2,596 1438-26 1928 .. .. .. .. 4,365 2,548 1499-58

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Although the total number of persons received into prison was less than in 1931, the number of distinct persons received under conviction shows a slight increase. This is more or less symptomatic of the times. It is a world-wide phenomenon that during times of depression crime, particularly in respect of offences againsi property, tends to increase. Unemployment disorganizes the individual. If he is an unstable type of personality he is more apt to take a short-run course and indulge in crime. If on the other hand he is a strong type of personality he rebels against the existing social order. Unemployment leads to demoralization. The following summary shows the nature of the offences and the number of distinct persons imprisoned during the past five years, as compared with the quinquennium immediately preceding the war. It will be observed that there has been a diminution in the number of offences against the person, but the increase in the number of offences against property has been rather marked. These offences mainly comprise theft, breaking and entering, and false pretences : —

An analysis of the receptions on a nationality basis shows that the proportion of New-Zealand-born offenders (excluding Maoris) increased by 9-1 per cent, over the 1931 figures, whilst those of British and foreign extraction remained almost static. The number of Maori prisoners received during 1932 shows an increase of 16-6 per cent, over the previous year. This figure represents an increase of 100 per cent, on the number received during 1928. This growth of crime among the younger Maoris, particularly in the North Auckland Districts, is a disquieting feature. Probation has proved to be largely futile, as this form of treatment is regarded by the Natives as the equivalent to " getting off," and when on probation any constructive supervision is difficult to apply as these offenders laze around the pas under conditions of indiscipline and idleness which in no way conduce to the development of any sense of social responsibility or (heir reformation. The following statement summarizes the figures for the past five years : —

Nationality of Prisoners received.

An indication of the incidence of crime according to age groups is shown in the following comparative table setting out the number of offences during the past five years, as compared with a similar period immediately preceding the war. It will be noted, as compared with 1913 and 1932. the number of offenders in the group under 20 and also that between the ages of 20 and 25 show a marked increase, whilst in the groups above 25 the figures for 1932 are almost identical with those of 1913 : —

Ages of Distinct Persons received (Comparative Table).

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1909 .. .. .. 181 727 2,251 3,159 32-51 1910 .. .. .. 238 772 2,232 3,242 32-45 1911 .. .. .. 153 587 2,137 2,877 28-33 1912 .. .. .. 153 598 2,272 3,023 29-10 1913 .. .. .. 220 685 2,324 3,229 30-22 1928 .. .. .. 165 977 1,506 2,548 17-37 1929 .. .. .. 196 854 1,546 2,596 17-62 1930 .. .. .. 194 968 1,703 2,864 19-19 1931 .. .. .. 216 1,155 1,832 3,203 21-17 1932 .. .. .. 194 1,313 1,893 3,401 22-29

»• New Zealand-born „ . British and „, . , Year - (excluding Maoris). MaOr,s - Foreign. Total - 1932 .. .. .. 1,941 316 1,144 3,401 1931 .. .. .. 1,779 271 1,153 3,203 1930 .. .. .. 1,576 . 184 1,104 2,864 1929 .. .. .. 1,383 173 1,040 2,596 1928 .. .. .. 1,380 158 1,010 2,548

During Pre-war Quinquennium. During Past Five Years. 1909. 1910. 1911. 1912. 1913. 1928. 1929. 1930. 1931. 1932. Under 20 .. 98 100 85 130 119 170 181 164 203 222 20-25 .. .. 342 356 291 256 349 344 350 429 555 559 25-30 .. 497 535 436 464 505 390 400 426 488 ! 504 30-40 .. .. 897 972 902 947 1,071 til i> 594 716 822 903 40 upwards .. 1,325 1,279 1,163 1,120 1,185 1,023 1,064 1,118 1,129 1,207 Not stated 2 7 11 6 6 Totals .. 3,159 3,242 2,877 2,917 3,229 2,548 2,596 2,864 3,203 3,401

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The daily average shows an increase of 35, but as mentioned in previous reports the composition of the daily average depends on the lengl hof sentence as well as the number of persons received. On account of the glowing aim unit of crime againsi property, particularly by young offenders, the tendency during the past few years has been for'the Courts to impose more salutary forms of punishment by way of substantial terms of reformative and Borstal detention. The cumulative effect of this has been gradually to raise the daily average, although actually the total number of persons received during the year has been considerably less. Two significant facts emerge from a study of the criminal statistics. Firstly, a large number of those sentenced to Borstal or to reformative detention have previously been dealt with in the Children's Courts, or have been placed on probation, or sentenced to short terms by the higher Courts without success, and secondly, only a very small percentage of those released after a term of Borstal or reformative detention again appear before the Courts. It is thus clear from the practical results achieved, which are the true tests of the efficacy of the methods, that the system of Borstal and reformative detention are a deterrent, a reformative, and an effective form of protection to society. Apart from what may be regarded as more major offences, there continues to be what is termed the " stage army " of persons received for drunkenness, vagrancy, or other petty offences more in the nature of nuisances than crimes. Many of these offenders are hopeless degenerates, in whose own interests, as well as in the interests of the community, institutional treatment is desirable. It would be quite useless to consider probation for the majority comprising this class, nor is a practical solution of the problem to be found in the realm of psycho-therapy, although in many cases a substantial term of treatment on a farm colony would be, undoubtedly, a more effective measure. This class of offender considerably inflates the total prison statistics, a point which is clearly evidenced by the fact that the number sentenced to terms of less than seven days was 588, or 17-2 per cent of the total receptions, and the number sentenced to terms of less than six months was 71-2 per cent, of the total receptions. When the treatment of these persistent offenders was the subject of consideration by a special Committee in England, certain medical witnesses suggested that the definition of " mental defective " should be extended to include all incorrigibles, whether they be what are known in New Zealand as " habitual criminals " (i.e., those habitually persisting in more serious crimes), or " habitual offenders" (i.e., persistent petty offenders). The Committee was of opinion that such a course would be undesirable and impracticable, and that it would not be in the public interest to permit criminals, by repetition of crimes, to qualify for preferential treatment and acquire the ameliorations of an institution for mental defectives. Each case must be dealt with individually according to its own particular circumstances. Where the criminal conduct is symptomatic of mental unbalance treatment in preference to punishment is more appropriate, but in many cases habitual criminals have an intelligence and cunning above the average, but they are inclined to apply it in short-run pursuits to affluence instead of in the more orthodox process of steady application and hard work. Experience shows the necessity of further classification with a greater stress on mental makeup and the standard of social efficiency, but it is not practicable, from an administrative standpoint, to lie into special groups all those ranging from the border-line of accepted standards of normality to ihe definitely subnormal group. So long as the definitely iires] silile defectives are removed for appropriate permanent custodial care, it is not wholly desirable that the higher grade shall be treated in any way likely to create a consciousness that they are regarded as a class apart, or that less is expected from them than from normal beings. The special Committee referred to above states, inter alia: "The subnormal group will not be eliminated, and the difficulties connected with the reformation <>f its delinquent members will continue. Criminal problems are closely associated with other social problems, ami we believe that recidivism associated with mental sulmormality or inebriety must be dealt with empirically until social and medical science are more advanced than they are at present." Escapees. —Nine prisoners and seven Borstal detainees escaped during the year, and all were recaptured. Four unsuccessful attempts to escape were made. The average number who escape, or attempt to escape, remains fairly constant from year to year. It must be recognized that many opportunities for escape exist under a system of penal treatment that provides for prisoners working out in the open, on or near prison farms and roadmaking camps, often not under immediate or direct supervision. It is recognized by all authorities on penology that it is only by reposing a measure of trust in the delinquent that a sense of responsibility can be developed. \ careful selection is made of i he prisoners who are placed in positions of trust, and when one considers the large number who respond. and the companu ively small percentage who betray the confidence reposed in them, the general results must be regarded as satisfactory. It is interesting to note that even to this day certain penal administrations adhere to the old system of leg-irons to prevent escapes. No doubt a reversion to these devices, and a fuller use of bolts and bars, and a strengthening of the armed guards would lessen the number of escapes. This course would be distinctly retrogressive. It might result in the greater protection of society for the actual term of incarceration, bul the psychological effect would be to create a more resentful and more dangerous menace to society when the persons subjected to such treatment are released again into the community. Capital Punishment. —There were no cases of capital punishment during the year. Three persons received on the capital charge had their sentences commuted to imprisonment for life. Health of Prisoners. The general health of the prisoners during the year has been particularly good, the daily average on the sick list ('IS)-l) is the lowest for a number of years. The regimen, the plain and wholesome diet, and the liberal vegetable ration in recent years have contributed to an improved standard of health in our penal establishments. Prisoners invariably put on weight and improve in general physique.

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The total Dumber of inmates transferred to public hospitals for treatment during the year was ninety. There were no outbreaks of any of the commoner epidemic diseases at any of the institutions during the year. There continues to be a considerable number of persons suffering from venereal disease on reception, there being no less than 120 cases treated during the year. In Wellington the position has become so acute that it has been necessary to establish a special clinic at the prison for the segregation and treatment of persons so afflicted. In only one case was it necessary to have recourse to the provisions of the Prisoners Detention Act, 1915, which provides that a person suffering from venereal disease shall not be discharged notwithstanding that the term of the sentence imposed by the Court has expired. There were twenty-five inmates transferred to mental hospitals either upon certification or for observation. Following the working arrangement with the Mental Hospitals Department all inmates who have shown signs of mental abnormality have been examined by a psychiatrist for the purpose of determining the best method of treatment. There is a small percentage of inmates whose conduct is such that they are obviously not normal, but they are not certifiable, though in some cases they can be classed as social defectives. There is as yet no place where such as these can be segregated. The likelihood of a further lapse into crime when released is fairly certain, yet with a fixed sentence there is no alternative but to release them. Prior to the depression it was often possible to induce some one to undertake the responsibility of their after-care with friendly supervision, but unemployment conditions have shrunken these outlets. As a protection to society mental hospital is the only alternative. It is often asserted that every inmate is mentally unbalanced and should be subjected to an examination by a psychiatrist or specialist in psycho-therapy. The following recent observation by Dr. Norwood East, English Prison Commissioner, is apropos in this connection : " The bald statement is sometimes made bhat a full psychological investigation is required in the case of every offender, and that without this penal measures must be futile. This is so contrary to practical experience that it is likely to defeat its purpose." There is a grave danger in attaching too much emphasis to abnormal conduct and overweighting the significance of what is often no more than adolescent instability and likely to be outgrown with discipline and suitable regimen. To suggest morbidity to the criminally inclined is to encourage mental invalidism. As Dr. East has aptly stated in a recent report: " Society and the criminal are better served if the latter can be made to cultivate a sense of social responsibility." Borstal Institutions. The foregoing statistics include committals to Borstal Institutions established under the Prevention of Crime Act, 1924, which Act largely follows the provisions of the Prevention of Crime Act, 1908 (Imperial). There are three Borstal Institutions in the Dominion, one for lads under twenty-one years of age at Invercargill, and one at Te Awamutu (Waikeria) for young men under twenty-five years of age. The New Zealand system provides for a higher age group than the English Act, which restricts the age of admission to twenty-one years. There is also an institution for young women at Point Halswell, Wellington. During the year 168 lads and 35 young women were committed to Borstal by the Courts, and 40 youths were transferred from industrial schools and other institutions to Borstal for training and discipline. Since the Waikeria and Invercargill Institutions have been established, 4,011 lads have passed through them, and of this number just a fraction over 14 per cent, have again come in conflict with the law after release. One hundred and fifty-five young women have been released from Point Halswell, and 17, or just under 11 per cent, only, have fallen into trouble again necessitating an appearance before the Courts. Considering the intense difficulties in these times of depression that beset those, upon whom rests the stigma of a conviction, in their efforts to obtain employment and rehabilitate themselves, it must be admitted that the foregoing highly satisfactory results are evidence of the efficacy of the system and bear eloquent testimony to the success of the efforts of those responsible for the in-care and aftercare of these young people. A varied range of activity in diversified occupational training, educational classes, and recreational sports make up the programme underlying the purpose of the Act. The reports of the three Superintendents attached as an appendix hereto show the extent to which expression is given to these activities, and it is not necessary to further elaborate the details herein, as they have been traversed fully in previous reports. Institutional effort, however, would be Largely in vain were it not for the splendid help given by a large body of voluntary workers who undertake the placement and aftercare of inmates when released. The members and associates of the Women's Borstal Association have been indefatigable in their efforts, regularly visiting the Point Halswell institution, getting to know the girls, and then arranging for their supervision when they are released. This Association has associates in all parts of the Dominion, and it is carrying out a most praiseworthy public service. The Voluntary Probation Committees have continued, under profound difficulties, to render assistance to the Probation Officers in finding employment and maintaining after-care of discharged lads. The Department is indebted to the unemployment authorities for elastically interpreting the regulations in dealing with difficult and deserving cases of released lads. Members of Rotary, the Honorary Justices' Association, and many other public-spirited citizens have backed the Department in its efforts to redeem and re-establish the unfortunates placed in its care.

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The borstal system, of course, is an integral part of the prison system, attacking the problem of delinquency in the incipient snipes in order to arrest anti-social trends before they become established habits. With young offenders reclamation should be the primary object in view ; with older offenders who are able to appreciate the nature of their actions, punishment and deterrence loom more largely in the scheme of treatment. The following paragraph from a booklet issued by the Home Office authorities for the guidance of Borstal Officers in England is of interest: "The Borstal Officer will furl her remember that the prison and the borstal service is but one service, facing the problem of crime at different stages, tackling it with different weapons. In prison, too, there is training to be done, character to be studied, situations often of greater difficulty to be met. There has grown up a feeling of interdependence between the two wings of the service in which there is no room foi comparison or depreciation. Neither can do without the other, and there must be free passage from the one wing to the other. This is the mark of a good team.'' Regarding the question of vocational training, the following extracts from the booklet referred to throw an interesting light on the policy which the Home Office authorities are pursuing : " Borstal institutions do not claim that they teach a lad a trade, but they should be able to claim that they teach him to work. Because this is so difficult a task, and so much hangs upon its accomplishment, party officers use everyTneans at their disposal to keep the lad at his job for an honest eight-hour day. . . . The great majority of the lads are going out to unskilled labour. Many were born to be hewers of wood and drawers of water, and it is idle to spend the money of the State in seeking to change them into incompetent tradesmen. For them, labouring work, arduous and continuous, is the best preparation for the life that ensues. . . . The best way to make a lad healthy is to make him hard ; he should not be afraid of blisters and cold winds and the hacking of shins ; the fewer clothes he wears for work or exercise the harder will he work, the hardier he will become." Industries and Development. Dγ. Ettinger, in his recent book " The Problem of Crime," states, inter alia: "There could be no doubl that the proper employment of prisoners is the most important problem in connection with imprisonment to-day. At the present time the curtailed appropriations and the necessity for economy in the cost of departmental administration make it particularly desirable that prisoners shall be placed, as far as practicable, on productive and remunerative work in order to keep down the cost to the taxpayer for their maintenance. Apart, however, from the economic aspect, the provision of suitable work plays an important part in any scheme of reformation. As was laid down in the Standard Minimum Rules at Berne comparatively recently, by the International Prison Commission in collaboration with a special Committee of the League of Nations, " the principal aim of the treatment of prisoners should be to accustom them to order and work, and to strengthen their moral character." " Make men diligent and they will be honest," was the dictum of John Howard, the great prison reformer. The German Criminal Jurist, Liszt, declared that " the essence nf imprisonment was organized compulsory work." The difficulty from a practical administrative point of view is that whenever prisoners are placed on productive work the Department is faced with protests in respect of competition with free labour. The old forms of task labour involving the use of the crank and treadmill certainly were devoid of this objectionable feature, but there was nothing more demoralizing and dehumanizing than the, practice of compelling prisoners to repeat the same useless and soul-destroying task over and over again. Even up till comparatively recent years it was by no means uncommon in our local prisons to see. prisoners using wheelbarrows to convey spoil backwards and forwards in profitless and useless task fulfilment. It is to be borne in mind that most prisoners are workers before their conviction, and as many as can be utilized follow their customary occupation in prison, consequently the fact that they are prisoners does not increase the supply of labour energy in the community, nor should the mere fact that they are behind prison bars debar them from being useful economic units of society. The msijorit v contribute, through the fruits of their labours, towards the maintenance of their dependants. They must, therefore, be regarded as carrying a social responsibility which involves the right to work. There is the difficulty that prison labour is necessarily confined to avenues that require the minimum of capital outlay in plant and equipment, and in consequence a greater number of persons are employed in simple industries such as quarrying. There is no industry so peculiarly suited for the employment of prison labour, particularly the class of prisoner that requires constant and close supervision. In most countries it is now accepted as orthodox for prisoners to be usefully employed, and so long as the products of their labour are not sold at " cut rate " prices the marketing of prison-made commodities is not objected to. In some countries a policy of prison manufacture for " State use " is followed. In America and Australia, for example, an extensive range of requirements of Government Departments is manufactured in the prison. In New Zealand the aim has been to avoid competition with private enterprise as far as practicable. Largely because of this policy brickmaking and sawmilling were abandoned as prison undertakings, and with the exception of a comparatively small quantity of sales of quarry metal the whole of the Department's manufactured products are for departmental supplies. There has been a definite bias towards primary production, and in recent years farming and farm-development work have been the main activities of the Department. The farms at Waikeria, Invercargill, Paparua, and Wi Tako afford productive and instructive work for a large number of inmates. Besides providing a considerable

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sum of revenue as a direct cash set-ofi against the cost of prison upkeep the policy of supplying practically the whole of the Department's domestic requirements in meat and vegetables has resulted in a pronounced lowering in the cost of rations. Out of a total cost of 7-Bd. per day per capita for rations, approximately 40 per cent, is produced from the Department's farms and gardens. In addition to the vote savings and the revenue from the sale of farm produce, there is a capital asset being built up through the work at the pumice development farms at Hautu and Rangipo. This work continues satisfactorily, and a total of 5,859 acres of what was hitherto regarded as waste land has now been cleared and put down in pastures for ultimate settlement. Reclamation work has continued at Invercargill, and clearing and draining of swamp areas have been effected at Wi Tako and Waikeria. For the purpose of effecting a vote economy and saving the. amounts spent annually in the purchase of tobacco for prisoners, it was decided during the year to grow tobacco at Waikeria for our own purposes. The leaf has been manufactured into tobacco al Mount Eden for issue to the various institutions. This enterprise lias provided a fresh outlet for the employment of a number of inmates, and has also meant a substantial saving to the Department. The whole of the Department's bread requirements are now made in the institutions. This also results in an appreciable economy and at the same lime provides a useful occupational outlet for a number of men. Tailoring, bootmaking, mailbag-making and repairing are still carried on at Mount Eden, and provide useful intra-mural work especially.suited to the type of inmate necessarily detained at that institution. Good work has been done in the National Park area on roadmaking, the major activity during the year being the Otukou deviation, which has resulted in the straightening of the road, and Ihe shortening of the distance between Tokaanu and National Park. This road is now becoming a very popular highway for tourists and fishermen, and will be much safer and shorter than the old narrow circuitous road. Revenue and Expenditure. For a number of years, since the inception of a progressive policy of actively engaging inmates on productive, work to provide them with a useful and healthy employment, the net maintenance costs have to a great extent followed the fluctuations in trade conditions. Until immediately before the existing depression the actual market and values for the output of prison industries provided a very substantial item in reduction of maintenance costs. Since 1929, however, it has been a formidable task for the Department to reduce the Consolidated Fund costs to offset the rapidly declining revenue. In 1930-31 the sudden collapse of prices resulted in a revenue drop of approximately £13,000 with a relatively insignificant reduction in cash expenditure, staff salary reductions, and other economies being largely offset by the extra cost of an increased prison population. The following year, 1931-32, brought an additional revenue decline of £15,000, but expenditure in the period had been successfully reduced by £19,000 notwithstanding a further increase in prison population. For the financial year 1932-33 now under review, it is again satisfactory to see that, although there was a still further decline of £3,000 in revenue, expenditure was reduced by nearly £10,000. The total revenue reductions of £31,000 over the three years have been met by expenditure reductions of £30,000. The actual net cash expenditure per head in 1932-33 of £53 L2s. was lower than in any year since 1914, when it amounted to £53 Bs. per head. On an actual comparative basis, however, the year just passed shows up more favourably than these two figures indicate. The Department is now meeting payments for prisoners' earnings and allowances to dependants £10 per head greater than in 1914, besides paying maintenance of prisoners in public hospitals which in 1914 was free. On a proper comparative basis the cash cost per head in 1932-33 was actually 20 per cent, below 1914.

Summary of Cash Payments and Receipts of Prison Vote 1914 and 1924 to 1932.

In Table 15 in the appendix arc shown abridged Income and Expenditure Account and Balance sheet, which include in addition to cash expenditure al] nominal charges for interest, depreciation, rents, and values of foods produced for prison consumption. Including all sncli charges, the net cost per head has continued to show a steady decline over the last four years —viz., 1929-30, £85 11s. 7d. per head ; 1930-31, £88 11s. 4d. ; 1931-32, £86 9s. 7d. ; 1932-33, £82 16s.

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Daily Average Gros8 Ex P enditure - Credits. Net Expenditure. Year. Number of Inmates. Total Per Head. Total. Per Head. Total. Per II a,l. £ £ £ t £ £ Kill .. 980 61,940 63-2 9,586 9-8 52,354 53-40 1924-25 .. 1,227-81 144,484 117-67 68,118 55-56 76,:(fi(i 62-11 1925-26 .. 1,340-13 152,794 114-00 79,099 59-02 73,695 54-98 1926-27 .. 1,397-25 148,766 106-47 70,<tir> 50-76 77,851 55-71 1927-28 .. 1,489-62 161,199 108-21 66,97'J 44-95 94,220 63-26 1928-29 .. 1,501-82 163,451 108-83 73,'.)!>l 49-27 89,457 59-56 1929-30 .. 1,425-54 172,248 120-83 83,8()(i 58-87 88,442 62-04 1930-31 .. 1,525-32 171,382 112-36 70,669 46-33 100,713 66-03 L931-32 .. 1,641-51 152,581 92-93 55,867 34-03 96,714 58-90 1932-33 .. 1,661-29 142,940 85-44 52,912 31-84 90,028 53-60

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Capital Expenditure from Public Works Fund. The expenditure under this head is mainly confined to completing the Invercargill Estuary Reclamation. No extensive building operations have been carried out over the past three years. This fact has had a bearing on the revenue position of the Department for when extensive building programmes were in progress considerable recoveries from Public Works Fund were credited to revenue. In recent years practically the whole of the revenue is "made money" from sales of produce, &c, and represents a cash credit to Public Account. The following table shows the amounts expended since 1923 : — Year. Expended. Year Expended. 1923-24 .. .. .. .. 27,259 1928-29 .. .. .. .. 12,572 1924-25 25,279 1929-30 .. .. .. .. 8,205 1925-26 .. .. .. .. 24,196 1930-31 .. .. .. .. 2,504 1926-27 .. .. .. .. 22,812 1931-32 .. .. .. .. 2,621 1927-28 .. .. .. .. 22,359 1932-33 .. .. .. .. 2,026 Conclusion. In conclusion, I desire to place on record appreciation of the help given by a large body of voluntary workers and societies who have assisted both in the in-care and after-care work, to which detailed reference is made in the institutional reports appended hereto. Thanks are extended to the clergymen and representatives of the various religious denominations who regularly have visited the institutions, often at considerable inconvenience and expense, and ministered to the spiritual welfare of the inmates. The Department is indebted to the Visiting Justices, Official Visitors, and Visiting Committees for their continued interest and regular visitations which have contributed towards the contentment of inmates and the maintenance of discipline. The Wellington Justices' Association has continued to take a practical and helpful interest in the work of the local institutions. I desire to express my gratitude to the staff. Tt has been pleasing to note the loyal spirit of co-operation that has prevailed. B. L. Dallard, Controller-General of Prisons.

Inspector of Prisons and Borstals to Controller-General of Prisons. I have the honour to submit my report for the year ended 31st March, 1933, regarding the inspection of the Prisons and Borstal Institutions under the control of the Department. The principal prison institutions, camps, and Borstal institutions were inspected at intervals throughout the year, and inmates were given opportunities to discuss with me matters affecting their general welfare. There was almost an entire absence of complaints by prisoners against officers, and the few allegations made were of a more or less trivial nature. At the main prisons discipline is being maintained in a satisfactory and uniform manner, and prisoners generally are respectful in their attitude towards their officers. It has been impressed upon senior officials that a well-organized staff and a proper standard of discipline are absolutely essential if an efficient and well-managed institution is the aim. Many prison inmates have expressed the view that the strict disciplinarian is preferable to the official who is frequeni ly indulgent but occasionally strict. Uniformity in disciplinary methods at the various prison institutions, which can only be obtained by inspections at reasonable intervals, tends to prevent discontent among inmates. The institutional buildings, workshops, &c, have been inspected arid special attention given to the condition of the cubicles, clothing, bedding, and cooking arrangements. The buildings and appointments generally are kept scrupulously clean, and at all institutions the food is prepared in a satisfactory manner. Requests for extra clothing or bedding, which are rarely made, are referred to the Medical Officer, who has power to arrange for the supply of whatever extra clothing he considers necessary. The institutional libraries are being carefully overhauled, and all damaged books are being rebound by prison labour. Donations of books have been received from time to time from public libraries and others interested in the welfare of the inmates. These books are carefully examined, and, if necessary, re-bound before being incorporated in the institution library. D. A. Mackintosh, Inspector of Prisons.

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Visiting Justices to Prisons. Addington Women's Reformatory : H. A. Young, S.M. ; E. D. Mosley, S.M. Auckland Prison : Wyvern Wilson, S.M. ; F. K. Hunt, S.M. ; W. R. McKean, S.M. ; J. H. Hannan J.P. ; J. H. Bradney, J.P. Hautu Farm Camp : John Cullen, J.P. ; John J. Ross, J.P. Napier Prison : A. M. Mowlem, S.M. ; James P. Thomson, J.P. ; A. E. Bedford, J.P. New Plymouth Prison: W. H. Woodward, S.M. ; C. E. Bellringer, J.P. ; Walter C. Weston, J.P. : Charles H. Burgess, J.P. Paparua Prison : E. D. Mosley, S.M. ; H. A. Young, S.M. : J. Leslie, J.P. ; George Maginness, J.P. ! William T. Franks, J.P. Rangipo Farm Camp : John Cullen, J.P. ; John J. Ross, J.P. Waikune Prison Camp : John Cullen, J.P. ; W. H. Sandford, J.P. Wanganui Prison : J. H. Salmon, S.M. ; J. Driver, J.P. Wellington Prison : A. Longmore, J.P. ; D. H. Edgar, J.P. ; W. G. Riddell, J.P. Wi Tako Prison : Peter Robertson, J.P. ; W. Greig, J.P. ; J. A. Strang, J.P. ; A. Longmore, J.P. : D. H. Edgar, J.P.

Borstal Visiting Committees. Invercargill: E. C. Levvey, S.M. (Chairman); W. Macalister; W. A. Ott, J.P. ; R. M. Strang, J.P. : M. N. Hyndman ; Frank Sampson. Point Halswell: George C. Edwards, J.P. (Chairman) ; Mrs. R. Glover ; Mrs. M. H. Chatfield, J.P. Waikeria : Francis Quin, J.P. (Chairman) ; G. Empson, J.P. ; Fred J. Gilbert; William Jeffrey, J.P. : F. W. Bevin.

8

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PEISONS AND PENAL INSTITUTIONS : EPITOME OF REPORTS OF CONTROLLING OFFICERS. Auckland Prison. (Superintendent, Mr. J. Dickison.) At the commencement of the year there were 420 males and 17 females in custody. During the year 1,576 males and 85 females were received, whilst 1,610 males and 83 females were discharged or otherwise disposed of, leaving in the prison on the night of the 31st December, 1932, 386 males and 19 females. Two prisoners absconded during the year (one from District Hospital and one from working party at ('live Road cottages). Both were subsequently recaptured by the police and returned to prison. I am pleased to be in the position to report that no executions were carried out during the year. There were three deaths during the twelve months, two of which occurred in the District Hospital and one in the prison infirmary. The excellent standard of health recorded in recent years has been well maintained during the period under review, us will be evidenced by the fact that although the daily average of prisoners in custody during the twelve months was 448 the daily average number on the sick muster was 7-7 males and 0-574 females. It will be conceded that the reception of 1,661 prisoners in one year means the handling of almost every type of individual, quite a number of whom are in indifferent health upon entering the institution, thus necessitating their receiving such medical attention as is requisite to liiinu; them to a proper state of fitness. Others when received are in such a low state of health that medical treatment is essential throughout the whole period of incarceration, and when due allowance is made for such cases, and also for the number of prisoners treated periodically as the result of minor iiij iiiics sustained on the works, the low daily average on the sick muster leaves no doubt that the health of the inmates as a whole has been excellently maintained. I have again to express my appreciation of the valued co-operation of the Medical Superintendent of the Auckland Mental Hospital, who so readily deals with all requests for the examination of mentally defective prisoners, and thus enables the expeditious transfer of these unfortunate individuals to that institution. The school, with an average roll muster of thirty-one, is held on three nights weekly, and continues to be directed by L. Grice, M.A. The results of the annual examinations, as already submitted to you, were very satisfactory on the whole, and disclosed the value of the school in the all-important mailer of assisting in the rehabilitation of the type of prisoner who has previously found the lack of education an almost insuperable barrier to. progress in the outside world. In this connection, the examination results showed a small percentage as being " weak,'' bul the value of the work done by these particular men was not indicated by their marks, for the Schoolmaster stresses the fact that they have been working "against the odds" with very commendable application, and have made considerable progress on the standard displayed when first admitted to the class. The keenness oj the prisoners is undoubted, and shows that they fully appreciate the opportunity extended by the I Department. One hundred and seventy-seven breaches of the regulations were dealt with by Visiting Justices during the year, whilst a number of minor offences were dealt with by myself. Quite a number of the prisoners were dealt with on more than one occasion, and when allowance is made for the class of prisoner in this institution, and the fact that the daily average for the year was 448, it will be admitted that the conduct has, on the whole, been of a very satisfactory standard. Evening drill has been continued three nights weekly under the instruction of Principal Warder Douglas, the twenty-six prisoners participating in the exercises benefiting considerably therefrom. particularly as they are employed indoors daily. Owing to the strict necessity for economy in every possible direction, very little work of a permanent nature has been executed during the year. As it is the intention of the Department to commence the manufacture of tobacco at the beginning of the ensuing year, the magazine buildings, which were taken over Erom the Defence Department some time ago, have been brought into use as a storeroom and factory respectively, and all the requisite structural alterations have been carried out with prison labour in readiness for a commencement of operations. Similarly, with a view to limiting expenditure, practically the whole of the necessary equipment was manufactured in the prison workshops. This new industry is being supervised by Mr. Lowe, of the Department of Agriculture, and thanks are due to him for his valuable co-operation during the preparatory stages. With a view to reducing the power and light charges for the institution, the work of changing over from direct to alternating current was put in hand and completed early in the year, and has resulted in a very considerable saving to the Department. A further saving was effected by the alteration of the telephone system throughout the institution, and the reduced service is working quite satisfactorily without loss of efficiency. A very necessary expenditure was incurred in providing lire-escapes to several of the officers' cottages, the whole of the iron work being made in the prison workshops to effect as much saving as possible. A genera] clearance "f disused plant, &c, which has been written off over a period of years, and has been lying around the quarry and other prison areas, was recently made, and the sale of same as scrap iron was effected.

2—H. 20.

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The whole of the requisite maintenance of the prison buildings has been effected during the year with prison labour, a good deal of the work being executed around the prison proper, whilst the upkeep of the prison officers' cottages has received adequate attention. The prison garden continues to be a valuable asset, the whole of the institutional requirements of vegetables, with the exception of potatoes, being supplied from our own garden area. Under the control of Principal Warder Lauder, the bootmaking branch of the prison industrial activities has continued to furnish a very satisfactory return, and the orders placed by other Departments, as well as our own departmental requirements, have been ably and expeditiously handled throughout the year. A party of twenty prisoners, under the supervision of two officers, has been working continuously at Rangitoto Island since November, 1925. The improvements effected up to and including the 31st December, 1932, are as follows :— Completed top-dressing of Islington Bay Sports-ground with clay and sand (112 ft. by l-'il ft.) and laid same out for tennis-courts. 1 mile of 3-ft.-wide footpath from Islington Bay to Harbour Board Quarries formed and top-dressed. New wharf built near Harbour Board Quarries (30 ft. by 9 ft.). 15 chains of 3 ft. footpath at Rangitoto formed and top-dressed. Completed terracing of diving-platform at Rangitoto with dressed stone (48 ft. by 39 ft.). Swimming-pool (36 ft. by 99 It.) completed and in use. Now wall built with dressed stone on waterfront at Rangitoto (60ft. by 15 ft.). Two and three-quarter miles of Eastern footpath from Rangitoto to Harbour Board Quarries widened and repaired. 30 chains of 4 ft. footpath re-dressed at Islington Bay. Commenced formation of new beach at Rangitoto, completed part of beach (300 ft. by 01) ft.) by December, 1932. The output from the clothing-factory has been well maintained. The work increased to such an extent that it was recently found necessary to install four additional machines. In addition to our own requirements, those of other Departments have been readily met, and the returns have been well up to the standard of previous yea rs. With regard to the orders placed by other Departments for footwear and clothing, it might be mentioned that exceptionally keen competition from outside sources lias necessitated a periodical revision of our price-lists in tl ndeavour to retain this business, but, in spite of the lower rates. every effort is being made to ensure that the output of the shops gives the maximum possible remuneration to our Department. All waste clippings have been pi riodically sold to advantage. The mail-bag industry is carried on in conjunction with the tailoring, and the whole of the demands of the Post and Telegraph Department have been expeditiously handled. With the exception of blankets, the whole of the prison laundering and the repairs to socks continues to be executed by female labour, and the small cost to the Department is a pleasing reflection upon the administration of this division. Soft laundering has also been performed as required for the Police, Public Trust, Internal Affairs, and Defence Departments during the year. The washing and the Fumigation of prison blankets, hammocks, &c, repairs to moleskins, shirts, &c, has continued to be executed with male labour, and the cost during the year has been maintained at the previous low level. With the commencement of annual military training camps we have recently received a fair quantity of laundering from the Defence Department and this work will continue to be handled for some months ahead. As already advised you by the Quarry Manager in his monthly reports, the year under review has been the worst experienced from a business aspect since he took over the control of this major prison industry in 1920. Trade depression is, of course, solely responsible for the position, as there have been very few building or reading contracts of any size undertaken in recent times, and what little business has been offering has called for the keenest of competition, with the result that our proportion of supply has been reduced accordingly. In my last year's report we were rather sanguine of obtaining orders from the local bodies who had then been forming roads under the No. 5 Scheme, but owing to lack of funds the majority of these have remained unmetalled. In addition to this, quite a number of the counties have been operating their own quarry areas under the Unemployment Scheme, and have been producing metal for their lower-grade roads. Under ordinary circumstances, the grade of metal thus produced would not prove an economical proposition, but owing to the present low cost of production, due to the use of the unemployed labour available, the output suits immediate requirements, and consequently we have lost the business previously done to the order of these counties. However, as this poorer grade of metal is not being permitted to be utilized for the highways, when a return to normal times is experienced we can confidently expect to again obtain this business. Another decisive factor in the falling-off of our sales is that with the present continued restricted operations of the Railways and Public Works Departments sales to their orders during the past year have been negligible. Under these circumstances, and taking into consideration the fact that any surplus labour at this institution is perforce utilized in the quarry, it can only lie expected that the loss on the years operations will be a considerable one. However, every possible effort has been made to economize, and we have had only one crusher in use throughout the major portion of the year, so that the output would, as near as is possible to gauge, be consistent with the actual demand. As a result, our present stacks of crushed products are not disproportionate with the amount of business expected to be handled in the near future. It has been a matter for gratification that we were successful a few months ago in obtaining 8 contract to supply 3,050 tons of specially hand-knapped metal, thus permitting continuation of production from the faces, and the utilization of labour which otherwise would have presented a very serious problem. In order to provide suitable employment for the large number of men, it was decided to handbreak the whole of tin" .'!! in. and the greater portion of the 2Jin. metal required by W. Lovett, Ltd., for the Auckland Harbour Board Western Roads Contract. This arrangement has provided a solution of the labour problem as well as producing a more suitable product for the Harbour Board.

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It is obviously futile to expect a large increase of business during the few remaining months of the current financial year, but every endeavour will be made to at least maintain our present monthly average of sales. The arrangement with the Defence Department, under which we receive £15 per annum for services rendered in connection with the handling of ammunition to and from the magazines, clearance of grounds, &c, continues to be profitable to this Department. Under the arrangement by which the whole of our meat-supplies are drawn from the Waikeria Borstal Institution, we have been enabled to obtain sufficient tallow to commence soapmaking. An adequate supply of soap for this and other institutions has been made available, and the unconsumed stocks of tallow have been sold to considerable advantage. Concerts have been held periodically at the prison, the excellent programmes presented being keenly enjoyed by the inmates. Thanks are due to Anglican Gaol Chaplain (the Rev. G. E. Moreton), Messrs. James Stewart (Official Visitor), and Samuel Falls, who, in conjunction with other social workers, maintain a sympathetic interest in the welfare of the inmates. The Salvation Army has also contributed entertainments of merit, and the various theatrical interests have at all convenient times shown readiness to assist at the concerts arranged. Lectures under the auspices of the Workers' Educational Association have continued to be given monthly, and have proved both instructive and enjoyable. Mr. N. M. Eichmond, Director of the Workers' Educational Association, has been mainly responsible for the arrangement of this form of entertainment, and his efforts are deserving of much appreciation. The several social organizations, and business firms, which in past years have provided additional comforts for the inmates during the festive season, again contributed freely, with the result that each individual prisoner received an adequate supply of " extras " during Christmas and New Year. Such practical sympathy, particularly in a year when depression has been so general, was deeply appreciated by the inmates, and those responsible for the gifts may be assured that their efforts were well worth while. Throughout the year the various denominations arranged for services each Sunday, and sincere , thanks are due to the clergymen and laymen concerned, who spare no effort to make these services enjoyable as well as beneficial to the inmates in attendance. The representative of the Prisoners' Aid Society (the Rev. G. E. Moreton) has again been most assiduous in attending to the needs of prisoners, and there is no doubt that his efforts have resulted in many discharged prisoners being placed in employment. Mr. Moreton spares no effort in giving sympathetic consideration to the many and varied calls which are made upon his services throughout the year. Staff Chaplain Holmes of the Salvation Army has at all times shown readiness to assist prisoners on release, and he has done much good work in this direction. Other social workers have of course contributed their share of assistance, and their efforts are likewise to be commended. The conduct of the staff has been excellent, and consequently a high standard of discipline has been maintained throughout the year, enabling the various industrial activities, as well as the general prison routine work, to be executed as smoothly and economically as possible. The several calls made by the Department for the practice of economy in every possible direction met with a ready response, and the officers directly controlling the separate industries are to be commended for their efforts in this connection. Owing to the fact that in the early part of the year one or two prisoners, who were confined in the District Hospital for treatment, abused the privilege of being left unattended, it became necessary, as a precautionary measure, to provide a guard at that institution whenever prisoners serving a sentence of any length were transferred there. This action has resulted in the loss of Ihe services of three officers at the prison during the whole of the past seven months, and as the provision of adequate supervision is an obvious essential when the daily average of prisoners in custody reads 4,48, I had no alternative but to make representations to you for an increase in staff, at least whilst such unusual conditions lasted. I am pleased to be able to report that the arrangements made by Head Office have suitably met the situation. The clerical work of the institution has been dealt with efficiently by the prison office staff, under the Principal Clerk (Mr. C. E. Anderson). Gisborne Prison. (Gaoler, Mr. H. N. Richardson.) In custody on Ist January, 1932, 4 males ; received during the year, 89 males and 2 females ; discharged or otherwise disposed of, 88 males and 2 females ; leaving in custody on 31st December last, 5 males. The prisoners were employed during the year in painting, cleaning, gardening, and laundry work. The health and conduct of the prisoners have been good during the year, and it was not found necessary to send any prisoner patient to the Public Hospital for treatment. The daily average number in prison during 1932 was 5-888, which is slightly lower than last year. Greymouth Prison. (Gaoler, Mr. W. Ayling.) There were in custody on the Ist January, 1932, 8 male prisoners. Received during the year, ;i7 male prisoners—viz. :70 males, hard labour; 18, remand ;1, imprisonment ; and 1, reformative detention : total, 97. Discharged during the year, 69 males on expiration of sentence ; 6 released on bail ; 2 released on payment of fines; 15 males handed to police; and 10 males transferred to Paparua Prison : total, 102. In custody at end of year, 3 male prisoners. Daily average, 4-06.

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The conduct of the prisoners has been excellent. With the exception of three prisoners who were suffering from the effects of injuries received prior to admittance here, there has been no cases of sickness during the year. The hard labour prisoners have been kept employed during the year at cleaning the prison, washing, mending, and general work about the prison and prison garden. This season the prison garden was planted under favourable conditions, and up to date the weather has been more seasonable than usual, consequently the young plants are looking fairly promising. However, during the past two years blight set in about February, which completely stopped the growth, and caused the root crops to gradually rot from the crown downwards. After supplying prison requirements surplus vegetables were sold locally. Hautu Prison. (Ollicer in Charge, Mr. T. Banks.) At the commencement of the year there were in custody 91 males ; during the year 67 were received, 56 were discharged, and 10 were transferred to other institutions, leaving a total of 92 in custody at the 31st December, 1932 ; being a daily average of 90 14 prisoners in custody during llk year. The health of the prisoners has been exceptionally good, there being no cases of serious illness. The conduct and industry of the prisoners on the whole have been satisfactory, the men takin a keen interest in the farm-work. Four men escaped during the year and were recaptured. The spiritual welfare of the prisoners has been well attended to by the local ministers of the various denominations. The vegetable garden has again been a success, maintaining both camps in ample supplies of fresh vegetables throughoul the year. The following is a summary of the work carried out during the year: 1,030 acres stumped of tutu, manuka, and cleared of fern, ready for ploughing ; 281 acres ploughed ; 200 acres sown down direct in permanent pasture ; 1,239 acres converted from temporary to permanent pasture : 150 acres in turnips; 30 acres in oats; and 4 acres in potatoes; 150 acres of grass was mown for hay; 2,387 acres of pasture was top-dressed ; 160 chains of new drains was dug ; 640 chains of new fencing erected ; 2\ miles of road formed ; 3,265 posts were split and carted out of the bush. The conduct of the staff has been very satisfactory throughout the year. Napier Prison. (Gaoler, Mr. T. Stocker.) At tbe beginning of the year there were 25 male prisoners in custody. During the year 255 males and 2 females were received and 263 males and 2 females discharged or transferred, leaving 17 male prisoners in custody at the end of the year. The daily average number of prisoners in custody over the whole year was 20. Two prisoners were admitted to the Public Hospital, one of whom died shortly after his admission there. The general health of the prisoners was good. Divine service was conducted by the ministers of various denominations weekly, including members of the St. Vincent de Paul Society who prior to this year had not visited the prison. The Salvation Army with their band also visited once a month and their services were much enjoyed. Captain Kirby, of the Church Army, Adjutant Goffin, of the Salvation Army, and the Rev. Mr. Olds, as well as members of the St. Vincent de Paul Society, were of great assistance in helping prisoners on release. The Napier Brotherhood under the Rev. Mr. Olds visited the prison in the evenings once a fortnight and conducted community sings which were always well attended and very much appreciated. Once a week during the dinner-hour the prisoners were entertained by me with a wireless programme in the exercise yard. Occasional wireless concerts were also jjrovided in the evenings. On Anzac Day Captain Kirby of the Church Army conducted an open-air service in the morning, and in the afternoon a radio broadcast of the dedication ceremony of the Wellington Carillon was listened to. As in former years, our main revenue was derived from sales of material from the prison qua which continues to provide employment for the majority of prison labour. We have grown sufficient vegetables to supply our needs all the year round, but during the present dry spell it is difficult to conserve enough moisture on the bills to maintain our supply and to get seeds to germinate. Our potato crop has been quite successful, and the sack of seed potatoes which was received from Invercargill Borstal Farm is estimated to yield half a ton of potatoes. Our onion crop is equally good and is estimated to last until next season. The prison buildings have been kept in a state of repair in so far as the limited finance would allow. In August a starl was made to paint the exterior of the prison buildings, a competent tradesman prisoner being sent, from Wellington Prison for the purpose. All the old paint which was the accumulation of years was burnt off, all damaged boards were replaced, and a thorough job was made of the painting. The buildings are now looking very fresh and clean, and it is hard to realize that the buildings are so old. The floors of the exercise yards were patched with " cold-fix " where necessary and are now looking much better. All earthquake debris has now been disposed of. Several sewers subsided as a result of the big earthquake, but were not discovered until they became full and overflowed. These were repaired where necessary and relaid, and are now in good order. Breadbaking has been continued with profit to the Department.

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During the year a number of sharp earthquake shocks were experienced, that on the evening of the sth May being the mosi severe. All lights failed and the experience was rather alarming until the lights were restored. Hurricane Lamps have now been provided for use in cases of emergency. It is pleasing to state however that the quakes arc becoming less frequent. There were no escapes from custody during the year. The conduct of the prisoners has been good. The thanks of the Department are due to Mr. Magill, of the Gospel Hall, and to Mr. J. P. Thomson for their gifts of extra eatables to the prisoners at Christmas and New Year, also to Mr. Husheer of the National Tobacco Co. for his gift of tobacco. New Plymouth Prison. (Superintendent, Mr. W. Dineen.) At the beginning of the year there were 54 prisoners in custody. During the year 165 males and 1 female were received, making a total of 220 prisoners. During the same period 162 males and 1 female were discharged or transferred, leaving 57 males in custody at the end of the year. The health of the prisoners has been good and there was no case of serious illness or accident during the year. There have been no escapes or attempted escapes during the year. The general conduct of the prisoners has been good, and the Visiting .lustices have only dealt with three charges of misconduct by prisoners. The quality of the rations purchased for prisoners use has been very good, and good wholesome food has been provided during the year. The purchase of stock on the boof and slaughtering at the prison has been continued with success, and not only has the cost of ration meat been considerably reduced, but an opportunity has been provided whereby three prisoners wit hno previous experience have become efficient slaughtermen. The fact that hides sold by auction from here have realized top market rates is the surest indication of how well the skinning has been carried out. All the bread used is made in the prison and is of first-class quality. Here again advantage has been taken to instruct three inexperienced prisoners to the extent that they are now sufficiently advanced to be able to turn out bread of good quality. In this respect we are under a debt of gratitude to Mr. Somerton, a master baker of this town, who has given freely of his time to instruct these men in the latest methods of baking. He has visited the prison early and late to give practical demonstrations of the process of dealing with dough at different periods in the manufacture of bread. It has been previously pointed out that the peculiar type of mentality of the special class of prisoners detained in this prison is apt to become very depressed and morose under ordinary prison routine. To help to overcome this difficulty and with the idea of giving these prisoners plenty of good clean bright subjects to think and talk about, more entertainments and lectures are given here than would perhaps lie permitted at an ordinary prison. Most of these entertainments have been provided by the Rotary Club under the leadership of the Official Visitor (Mr. P. V. E. Stainton). Mrs. Eason has continued her weekly visits to men who wish to see her, and by her kind motherly advice has been the means of considerable help to many men, more especially to some when they are inclined to get discontented and morose. Quarry operations have been continued, hut the Borough Council have found it necessary to curtail expenditure, with the result thai cash returns from tins source have decreased. However, every effort has been made to keep overhead charges down to a minimum and as no machinery is used, and all woik is carried out by prison labour, the money received from the sales of quarry material is all profit. A gang of men is constantly employed in the prison garden and full supplies of vegetables are always available for the prison use. All surplus vegetables are sold by public auction, but this year the prices received were extremely low, and while the output from the garden has been considerably increased the sales returns are down by £100 in comparison with last year. Paparua Prison. (Superintendent, Mr. W. T. Leggett.) At the beginning of the year there were 168 males in custody. During the year 794 males were received and 806 males were discharged or otherwise disposed of, leaving 156 males in custody at the end of the year. The daily average for the vear was 173-14. There were 2<i more receptions than during the previous year, the increase being more than accounted for by a number of offenders committed here for besetting and attempting to create disorder. The health of the prisoners generally has been good, few cases of illness occurring. There were ten eases requiring treatment at the Public Hospital during the year and in two of these cases operative treatment was necessary for hernia and appendicitis. There was one death at the institution during the year, this being the case of an elderly prisoner suddenly expiring from heart failure. There were two cases requiring transfer to a mental hospital during the year and in both instances the men were mentally affected at reception. The conduct of the prisoners generally has been very good, there being no escapes and one attempted escape of a rather mild nature by an individual running across a paddock in full view of his officer and being promptly recaptured. Disciplinary punishment for breaches of regulations was administered by Visiting Justices in fifty-five cases, being mostly of a minor nature. On the whole, the prisoners have worked well and have as far as possible been employed in connection with farming operations and clearing the stones off the river-bed portion of the farm, and this has effected considerable improvement for the use of farm implements in this stony area. The maintenance of prison

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buildings and plant, manufacture of concrete paving-slabs and fencing-posts, the production of sand and gravel and road maintenance and formation have utilized surplus labour. Market-gardening and poultry-raising have been carried on as usual, and with a favourable season have given abundance of vegetables for prison use, also vegetables and eggs, &c, for other departmental use. In connection with farming operations the report of the Farm Manager (Mr. Wilson) shows that good progress has been made in all branches despite an adverse season and a period of low prices. In the sheep section from 800 ewes there was 119 per cent, of lambs, and early in the season as high as £1 11s. 10d. per head was received. The wool clip was again very satisfactory, averaging 12-7 lb. of wool per sheep. The clip was disposed of at up to 7d. per pound, with an average return of 6s. per sheep. The cash revenue from the sheep section for the year was £678. The pig section is still at a low ebb, and it has been found not advantageous to fully fatten stocks, but to dispose of them as weaners and stores. The cash revenue from this section was £287 for the year. The various root and cereal crops have been considerably effected by the drought conditions prevailing earlier in the year. The potato crop averaged between 3 and 4 tons of tables per acre, there being a larger proportion of second grade than usual approximating from 4to 5 tons per acre. The wheat crop was also below the average, producing 25 bushels per acre, and this was conserved for use in the poultry section. The growing crops at the latter end of the year are showing particularly good and from 74 acres in one instance 14 large stacks were obtained, approximating 140 tons. The pea crop has also given an excellent yield of 54 bushels per acre. The wheat crop is anticipated to be the best crop of its kind ever grown here. The hay crops have given good results, assuring ample winter feed for stock, and the lucerne paddocks have in addition provided copious grazing for live-stock. The spiritual welfare of the men has again been well cared for by the visiting clergymen of the various denominations by regular Sunday services and giving individual visits. A monthly evening mission service has been continued during the year. Concerts have been rendered monthly by Mrs. J. C. Holmes and friends and have been much appreciated by the men. The Workers' Educational Association have again continued their Saturday evening lectures during the winter months and these have been excellently arranged and have been of an interesting and instructive nature. The institutional school has been continued under the direction of Mr. R. G. Hampton, M.A., twice weekly during the year with quite satisfactory results. Rangipo Prison. (Officer in Charge, Mr. A. Banks.) There were 46 male prisoners in custody at the beginning of the year. During the year 40 were received, 33 discharged, and 9 transferred, leaving a total of 44 prisoners in custody at the end of the year. Two men escaped from custody, but both were recaptured. Three prisoners who met with minor accidents were admitted to Raetihi Public Hospital during the period. The general health of the prisoners has been good, and their conduct and industry satisfactory. Divine service was conducted by Rev. J. B. Rand, Father Wanders, Rev. J. G. Laughton, and Mr. Moffit. The following is a summary of work carried out during the year : 552| acres of virgin country was stumped of tutu, manuka, and cleared of fern, ready for the plough ; 592 acres was ploughed and harrowed ; 300 acres sown in permanent pasture ; 372 acres of temporary converted to permanent pasture ; 50 acres of turnips and 20 acres of oats sown ; 1,485 acres top-dressed ; 593£ chains of fencing erected. A good yield of hay was slacked as winter feed for the stock. The prison garden was very successful, keeping up a good supply of vegetables during the year. Sufficient potatoes were grown to meet the requirements of the prison. The officers carried out their duties in a very satisfactory manner. Waikune Prison (Road-constructing Camp), Erua. (Officer in Charge, Mr. P. McGrath.) At the commencement of the year there were 87 male prisoners in custody. During the year 61 prisoners were received from other institutions, whilst 74 prisoners were discharged or otherwise disposed of, leaving 74 male prisoners in custody on the night of the 31st December, 1932. Throughout the year the health of the prisoners was very satisfactory ; most of the illnesses were of a minor nature, and dealt with by the Medical Officer locally. It was found necessary to transfer one prisoner to Waimarino Public Hospital for an operation for appendicitis. The prisoner was later returned to the prison fully recovered. Three of the cases received the-necessary medical attention at the Waimarino Public Hospital and were later returned to Waikune fully recovered from their injuries, whilst the fourth was sent to the Wanganui Hospital and subsequently to the prison there. The conduct of the prisoners was satisfactory. The Visiting Justices dealt with thirty-five offences during the year, and appropriate punishment was inflicted on the individuals concerned. The indusi i j of the prisoners was very satisfactory. The spiritual welfare of the prisoners was adequately provided for by visiting chaplains from Taumarunui and Ohakune. Our special thanks are due to the National Tobacco Co., Ltd., and the Christchurch branch of the Howard League for Prison Reform for gifts received from them for distribution among the prisoners at Christmas time. A suitable letter of thanks was despatched to Mr. H. E. Frederick, of Raetihi, for his efforts to raise sufficient funds to donate a radio receiving set for use of the inmates at this prison. Towards the end of the year the wireless equipment was received from the donors ; it was later assembled and radio concerts are now a feature of the life at Waikune. Our isolated position makes the wireless receiving set a very acceptable gift.

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The food-supplies were of uniformly good quality. Sufficient vegetables were raised in our own garden to provide all vegetables, with the exception of potatoes, required for institutional use. The benefits of our venture in gardening are many. It permits an evenly balanced issue of fresh root and leaf vegetables to the inmates, besides effecting a saving in departmental expenditure, and provides a useful occupation for prison labour. Bread of very good quality continues to be manufactured at the prison and meets institutional needs and staff sales. A small supply was sold to the Tourist Department for use at the Chateau Tongariro. During the early part of the year the purchase of live-stock and subsequent slaughtering for moat rations was carried out at the prison. The opportune purchase of live-stock at a low figure permitted meat rations to be supplied at small cost. Latterly meat of excellent quality has been obtained from Rangipo Prison. The whole of the requisite maintenance of prison buildings has been effected during the year with prison labour. A good deal of work being executed around the prison proper. At the latter part of 1931 a commencement was made with the erection of the first of three cottages which were purchased by the Department to cope with the housing difficulty experienced by the married members <if the staff. The three cottages were completed during the year and are now occupied. Electric lighi and other modern conveniences were installed in the cottages which now provide the maximum of comfort for the married members of the staff and their families. Ten additional huts were purchased from the Public Works Department for housing prisoners at the various sub-camps. As in past years our industrial activities were confined mainly to (1) roadworks, (2) general transport work. Dealing with the first mentioned, I regret to report that the heavy pruning of other Departments' finances has involved a curtailment in their expenditure, the effect of'which is reflected in the Prisons Department's revenue from sales of metal, and roadworks generally. In former years a considerable amount of road construction and capital improvement work was carried on on practically emit met basis. Under such conditions it was possible to employ an unlimited supply of prison labour withoul restriction on our earning-power. The only roadwork involving capital expenditure now being carried on with prison labour from Waikune Prison is at the Otukou Deviation. The balance of the roadworks are in the nature of general maintenance work on the Ohakune Road, Tokaanu Road, and Bruce Road. Work at Otukou Deviation is carried on on a contract basis with a limited amount of funds available each quarter. The maintenance work is carried out at an hourly rate with a limited amount of funds available each quarter. The decision of the National Park Board to proceed with the construction and metalling of a motor road leading to Scoria Flat on the side of Mount Ruapehu made an opening for the absorption of a considerable amount of our surplus prison labour, and the road when completed should prove a national asset. Labouring jobs of minor importance were carried out on the Golf Links and the Chateau Tongariro, and repairs were effected in the Fences and grounds surrounding the Otukou School. Motor transport work has been carried on as in former years and throughout the year sufficient work was offering to keep our fleet of motors in commission. Heavy consignments of manures, seeds, and general merchandise were carted from the railhead to the prison farms in the Taupo District. A considerable amount of cartage was also undertaken for other Government Departments, notpbly the Tourist Department in the cartage of stores to the Chateau Tongariro. The motors were also engaged on roadworks and institutional cartages. In conclusion, I would like to thank the members of the staff for their loyal co-operation throughout the year. Wanganui Prison. (Gaoler, Mr. E. Ching.) During the year there were received from all sources 144 males and 2 females, a decrease of 31 males and 3 females on the figures for the previous year. The daily average number in custody t hioughout the year was 34. At the commencement of the year there were in custody 45 males and 1 female, and at the end of the year there were 30 males and no females in the prison. The conduct of the prisoners has been very good, three men only being punished for breach of regulations. The general health of the prisoners has been very good. With the exception of some minor complaints, there has been little or no illness during the year. Two men, both of whom were in a bad state on reception, died in the Public Hospital. Inquests were held by the Coroner, Mr. J. H. Salmon, S.M., and verdicts of death by natural causes were returned in both cases. The sanitary arrangements, together with bathing facilities and ventilation of the buildings are all in perfect order, and no doubt are a great factor in keeping the inmates in a very healthy state. The food supplied has been ample and good, it all being of the best quality ; this fact, too, must also be considered a great help in maintaining good health. The arrangements for preparing the food are satisfactory, and the men as a whole are satisfied with the rations. The Visiting Justice and the Medical Officer examine all foodstuff on their visits. Our bread requirements are still obtained from the New Plymouth Prison, and the arrangements for the supply, as well as the quality of the bread, give general satisfaction. The men in custody at this institution being incapable of peifonning heavy work through age or other infirmity, they are employed at light work such as keeping the paths and grounds in order, gardening, cooking, cleaning, &c. Sufficient vegetables to meet the requirements of the prison were grown during the year. I have to thank the clergymen of the various denominations for holding divine services in the prison. The Church of England, the Church of Christ, and Presbyterians combined to provide an excellent tea for the men at Christmas. The St. Vincent de Paul and the National Tobacco Co. kindly provided gifts of tobacco at the same time. The Cosmopolitan Club donated a number of library books which helps to keep the prison library up to a good standard. The Fire Brigade provided picture entertainments which were much appreciated by the men. The members of the staff carried out their respective duties in a satisfactory manner.

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Wellington Prison. (Superintendent, Mr. J. Down.) There were in custody at the commencement of the year 163 males. During the year 1,198 males were received and 1,204 were discharged, leaving in custody at the 31st December, 157. The discharges were as follows : On expiration of sentence hard labour or imprisonment, 679 ; reformative detention, nil ; Borstal detention, 2 ; special remission hard labour, 23. Released on recommendation of the Prisons Board : Hard labour, 14 ; reformative detention, 19 ; debtors, 47 ; transferred to another prison, or to the police and probation, 397; released on bail, 8: making a total of 1,204. The daily average number in prison during the year was 173-8. The greatest number of cases of sickness at any time was 21, and the number of admissions to the Hospital during the year was 7. Prisoners received during the year: Debtors, 47 ; trial and remand, 127 ; transferred and in transit from another prison, &c, 160; simple imprisonment. I : serving under three months, 511 ; three months and under one year, 214 ; one year and upwards, 71 ; death, 3 ; reformative detention, 41; Borstal detention, 20 : total, 1.198. Religious services were conducted twice daily on Sundays by the following denominations : Church of England, Presbyterian, Salvation Army, Methodists, and others. The Presbyterian Social Service Guild, Salvation Army, and others gave concerts. The Presbyterian Social Service Guild and the Salvation Army gave very welcome Christmas cheer, which was thoroughly enjoyed by the men. By careful and intensive cultivation we have grown sufficient feed of mangolds, and by conserving paddocks for hay no extra feed lias had to be purchased from other institutions. The dairy herd is in very good condition and is now showing a good result. We have also increased our number of breeding-pigs and they likewise are showing a fair profit. With the low price obtained for our produce it is very difficult to show any very high returns. The cleaning of paths, mowing of lawns, also the repairing of fences have been carried out throughout the year. Forty-live yards of boulders have been carted to the side for rock gardens. cVc Water-pipes were laid to water the lawns and standards fixed on same. Return of firewood and timber taken out of the plantation is as follows: Firewood, 45 cords: light wood, 50 cords: a quantity of logs to cut into 1,300 ft. of timber which would be used for boxmaking. The number of acres of trees trimmed up to (i ft. was .'52 acres ; 5,000 young trees have been cleaned around and cultivated, also 2 acres of three-year-old trees, and a general clean-up effected in the main plantation. The road leading from Shelly Bay to the Borstal Institute is being widened, metalled, and formed. The road leading from the Borstal Institute to the prison is being widened and formed, and a footpath made on the west side. About 50 yards of road leading from the boundary-fence to the prison is being Degraded and a footpath formed. The road from the Borstal Institute to the Massey Tomb has had attention, also the road leading from the tomb to the Massey Road. On the access road one mile and a half has had constant attention almost every week. The following material shifted, Ac, is as follows : Roads reformed, 1,500 yards ; footpaths formed, 80 yards ; metal quarried, 660 yards : mullock shifted, 700 yards; roads metalled, 700 yards. The high bank in front of the prison has been battered off and the height of the bank is 20 ft. The whole of the bank, 300 ft., has been turned into a rockery and planted with suitable rock-plants, also the flat portion of the ground laid out in gardens. A considerable amount of work has been accomplished such as clearing firebreaks 12 ft. wide. 500 ft. long, and grubbing same ; 40 acres of land cleared of scrub and burned, and generally tidied up ; horse-troughs fixed, old water-pipe taken out and new pipe laid ; 160 yards of 1| in. pipe taken up and removed to the prison ; road leading from the Borstal Institute to Fort Ballance formed, and channels cleaned and fences repaired. The following industries were carried on during the year, viz. : — Breadmaking ; the making of floor-polish, sandsoap, and lead-head nails. The printing for the Department and the book-binding has shown a big saving by several hundreds of pounds. The blacksmith and engineer shops have turned out some very good work. One large bakers' oven was made and sent to one of the camps. Several other useful things were also manufactured such as a large road-roller, one heavy jinker for lifting stone, also two staple machines capable of turning out a good staple of different sizes. As there was some difficulty in getting petrol-tins to be made into containers for floor-polish, we found it was possible to manufacture a strong and more suitable tin to carry 40 lb. of polish. For galvanizing nails for lead heads the furnace has had further improvements made, and is doing well. A bench with a circular saw has also been fixed to cut up the pine-trees in the plantation for box-making for packing purposes. Ample supplies of vegetables are grown throughout the year, though the conditions for gardening are not always satisfactory on account of the wind. Wi Tako Prison, Heretaunga. (Superintendent, Mr. D. Blain.) At the commencement of the year 1 he muster at this institution was 79, made up of 57 hard labour, 21 reformative detention, and 1 habitual criminal. Admissions during the year totalled 133, whilst discharges were 136. The muster at the end of the year was 76, comprising 62 hard labour ami II reformative detention prisoners. The health of the prisoners has been good, there having been no really serious cases of sickness. The general conduct and industry of the prisoners have been satisfactory.

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The following work was carried out during the year : Fourteen acres of freehold and 10 acres of leasehold were prepared and sown down in pasture and a further 60 acres of leasehold was cleared and is under preparation for sowing ; 153 chains of new fences were erected, and all the existing fences were maintained in good repair, the necessary posts, battens, &c, being cut and carried out of the hush ; 55 chains of new drains were dug, and five new bridges over drains were erected ; a flood-gate was made and set up in the main drain and existing drains were kept cleared ; the yard and runway at the slaughterhouse was remodelled ; the water-supply was connected with the sheep-yards and the building of a sheep-dip was commenced ; 111 chains of trenches were filled in on the ranges and several thousand gorse plants were put in alongside existing wire fences to provide shelter. The ranges were cleared and put in order for the National Rifle meeting. The Public Account benefited to the extent of approximately £1,700 as a result of the year's farming operations, the various sections contributing as follows : Garden and crop sales, £812 ; supplies to other institutions approximately 10 tons ; 109 pigs were sent to butchers, three were condemned, and 106 realized £173 ; nine weaners and two breeding-sows were sent to other institutions. Wool brought £95. This included part of the 1931 clip, but not seven bales of 1932 clip, which was carried over and sold at a later sale. Twenty-five fat sheep were sold for £12 13s. and 574 lambs brought £317, while skins and tallow realized £17. Four milking-cows were sent to Wellington Prison and 3,642 lb. beef were supplied to that institution. Hides (£33) and butter (£l2) were sold. Produce supplied to staff not included in the above figures brought in £227. 1,740 lb. of bread were supplied to Defence camps. The institution also proved itself supporting in vegetables, meat, and firewood. There has been no work done at the brickworks during the year. Divine services were conducted throughout the year by the Rev. Mr. Hunt, Rev. Mr. Kendrick, Father Kelly, and the Salvation Army. We have to thank the Salvation Army, Justices' Association, Y.M.C.A., Upper Hutt Band, Rev. Mr. Hunt, and the Rev. Mr. Harding for providing entertainments and the National Tobacco Co. and the Salvation Army for Christmas Cheer. I wish to place on record my appreciation of the work and conduct of the Staff and to thank them for their loyalty and co-operation. Addington Reformatory Prison (Women). (Superintendent, Miss E. M. Hunt.) At the beginning of the year there were 22 inmates in custody, 98 were admitted during the year, 73 were discharged on the expiration of their sentences, 10 were released on the recommendation of the Prisons Board, 8 were handed to the police, 3 released on bail, 1 released on remission of sentence, leaving a total of 25 inmates in residence at the 31st December, 1932. The inmates' work consists of laundry-work for the different Government Departments, domestic duties, and general outdoor work, gardening, &c. The Rev. Mr. Revell, Rev. Father Daly, Salvation Army Officers, and the Sisters of Charity have helped a great number of discharged inmates during the year with clothing, food, and rent. Every woman who leaves this institution is given help if she requires it no matter how often she has been helped before. This institution has been supplied with books, magazines, papers, clothing, gramophone records by many different people. Miss Heywood, Sisters of Charity, and concert parties have visited regularly during the year and provided entertainments. The Salvation Army has given an afternoon tea on each Prison holiday during the year and a splendid party on Christmas and New Year Days, which was much appreciated by the inmates and especially did they appreciate the pretty calendars and small gifts they received. Religious services»are conducted by the Rev. Mr. Revell, Rev. Father Daly, Officers of the Salvation Army, and the Sisters of the Mission. Invercargill Borstal Institution. (Superintendent, Mr. C. G. L. Pollock.) The institutional statistics for the year ended 31st December, 1932, are as follows :— Number on roll at beginning of year .. .. .. 198 Received during the year .. .. .. .. 132 330 Discharged — On recommendation of Parole Board .. .. .. 130 On expiration of sentence .. .. .. .. .. 1 Otherwise .. .. .. .. . • . • 5 136 Number on roll at end of year .. .. .. .. .. 194 Daily average on roll .. .. .. .. . • . ■ 199-47 The conduct and industry of the inmates have been very good. There were two escapes from custody ; both inmates, however, were apprehended by the institution officers within a short time of their escape. The escapees were brought before the Court and received further terms of detention in the Borstal Institution.

3—H. 20.

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On the whole the health of the inmates has been exceptionally good. Eleven inmates were admitted to the Southland Hospital for treatment during the year, but, with one exception, the cases were not of a serious nature. Unfortunately, one of the lads who was suffering from heart trouble on admission to the Institution, died after a short period in the Southland Hospital. Before the funeral left the Institution, the Rev. Canon Lush held a service in the chapel, which was attended by all the lads. In motor ens furnished by the Rotarians, several representatives of the boys were able to pay the last honours to their deceased comrade and to accompany the funeral to St. John's Cemetery, where an allotment had been provided by the authorities of the Anglican Church. The internal economy of the Borstal has proceeded on the lines to which past experience lias guided. The house system, introduced the previous year, has further approved itself in fostering among the lads devotion to collective as distinct from individual purposes. This effect is more manifest in the sporting activities ; in these the emulation of contests is more immediate and the value of combination is brought home to players inclined to be self-rentred. In Rugby football the inter-house matches brought to every physically fit lad the experience of preparing for and taking part in n series of games that counted towards final honours. It was a new experience to many ; and a further stimulus resulted from the fact that the Institution's representative teams were picked on the merits shown in these inter-house matches. In cricket, the good effect of the house system came to light in a similar manner. The Labour Day athletic tournament, by bringing in the widest variety of sports, formed a comprehensive rally in which the incentive of each competitor was the success of his house in winning the silver cup trophy. A swimming tournament held early in the year went off with good zest under the same conditions. The special classes in agriculture and wool-classing have been conducted regularly throughout the year by the honorary instructor, Mr. T. Matthews, Agriculture Instructor to the Southland Education Board. Mr. Matthews reports as follows : — '■ Instruction in connection with the above classes was carried out throughout the year along similar lines to that of previous years, the standard of work on the part of the lads being well maintained. With a view to testing the progress of the classes, examinations are now held in both subjects at the end of each term, the marks allotted being taken into consideration in the awarding of prizes at the end of the year. With regard to the prizes, we have to again thank the Trustees of the Mackinnon Trust for their continued interest and practical help in donating a sum of money to provide prizes for both classes, the selecting of the latter being left to myself, and a number of useful text-books bearing upon both subjects were ordered. The classes have been well filled, attendance regular, and the discipline good." The special class carried on during the winter months under the auspices of the Southland branch of the Workers' Educational Association had a successful session under the leadership of Mr. J. Stobo, M.A., who reports as follows : — "For the 1932 session fourteen meetings were held, the average attendance being about fortyfive. The session was a most successful one, a particularly gratifying feature being the enthusiastic manner in which most of the class co-operate in the work. The syllabus for the session was drawn up by a committee from the class members under the guidance of the tutor, and consisted of a variety of subjects —lectures, debates, and play-readings, also a gramophone recital which proved highly instructive and elicited the fact that the members of the class possessed an intelligent appreciation of the better type <>f music. A very instructive evening was spent in listening to a lecture by Mr. George Hill, who, with the aid of a balopticon, described a world tour which he had recently undertaken. The first portion of each meeting was devoted to an explanation by the tutor of topics of world-wide interest. This was an innovation which was very successful." The Southland branch of the League of Nations Union again arranged for one of its ablest lecturers to deliver a series of addresses during the winter months. The Mr. A. R. Dunlop, M.A., who reports as follows : —■ " Lectures dealing with the League of Nations conducted under the auspices of the Invercargill Branch of the League of Nations Union were given at the Institution regularly during the winter of 1932, by Mr. A. R. Dunlop. These were attended by some forty-two boys, who followed the lectures closely and were thus encouraged to take a live interest in a vast organization and at the same time add to their knowledge of modern world affairs. The lecturer found his class adept and skilful questioners. This particular aspect was the most pleasing, as it indicated quite clearly that the subject was being given a studied interest. The booklet compiled by the Branch was used as a textbook, while a number of the class voluntarily kept notebooks in an effort to clarify their ideas. The classes were undoubtedly a success, and should, if possible, be carried on this year." The evening school classes are in charge of experienced and highly efficient teachers. Mr. J. S. McGrath, 8.A., who organizes the work, has as his colleagues Mr. L. J. Olapp and Mr. T. McFarlane. While the programme of work follows in general the syllabus of instruction laid down for the public schools, the courses of instruction are adapted to suit the needs of the students, special attention being given to individual pupils. The Institution band, under the tuition of Mr. A. R. Wills, has continued its regular practices, and has taken acceptabb part in the entertainments whenever called upon. Mr. J. Page, Physical Instructor to the Southland High Schools' Board, secures the responsive alertness and interest of the lads in their physical drill. The quality of the work done in this branch of training will compare favourably with that done in secondary schools. For the fifth year in succession we have entered a team in the third-grade competition conducted by the Southland Rugby Union. In this competition our "A" team played thirteen matches, of which it won six, lost six, and drew one. Points for, 134 ; points against, 128. Despite the constantly changing personnel of the team, our honorary coach. Mr. Ellis Kelly, has kept up the morale and the efficiency of the players. The matches between the difference houses have already been referred to.

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With Chief Warder Arnold in charge, the seventh annual summer camp was carried out 011 former lines in the riverside retreat which has found favour in all our previous outings. For the tent equipment and the cooking outfit, the camp is again indebted to the National Council of the Young Men's Christian Association and the Defence Department, and for the radio installation to Mr. P. C. Hazeldine. Mr. R. M. Brasted, National Secretary of the Young Men's Christian Association once more proved an inspiring leader in the holiday pursuits of the campers. The appointed gala day brought a number of visitors to whom the encampment as a whole, the tents in decorative neatness, and the afternoon's sports with all their keen rivalries, were a source of much interest. Ideal weather enabled the most to be made of the days spent in surroundings and under conditions that made camping-out a delight. Religious services have been conducted every Sunday by the ministers of the city and suburban Churches, while weekly Bible classes have been held by Canon J. A. Lush, Adjutant Radcliffe, Reverend Sampson, and Mr. A. McLean. Mr. H. Dobbie's unremitting services for years past as organist claim our grateful acknowledgement's. On Anzac Day a special service was held when addresses were given by the Reverend John Chisholm and Mr. John Tait, who represented the Returned Soldiers' Association. Mention must also be made of the visit to the Institution of those distinguished leaders of the Salvation Army, General and Mrs. Higgins, whose inspiring messages were appreciated by all those privileged to hear them. During the year thirty new novels have been added to the library, while fifty-six books were withdrawn, leaving a total of 2,050 volumes of all classes. Rebinding keeps pace with the needs of this stock, the greater part of which is in use ; with the arrival of a new supply of binding material, 280 books were repaired and bound. Magazines and papers to the number of 696 were added to the range of reading material at the disposal of inmates. The Visiting Committee under the Chairmanship of Mr. B. C. Levvey, M.A., LL.B., continues to take a keen interest in the welfare of the lads, and I am much indebted to the committee and its members for many services rendered throughout the year. To the ladies of Invercargill, the Rotary Club, the Patients' and Prisoners' Aid Society, the St. Vincent de Paul Society, and the New Zealand Tobacco Co., for dainties and gifts supplied during the festive season, best thanks are due. The farm manager (Mr. W. Brash) reports that dairying is still the principal farm industry. The number of cows milked was 112, and those which completed their lactation period during the season averaged 284 lb. of butterfat, which is considered to be quite satisfactory for a Friesian cross herd under local conditions. Over forty heifers have been added to the dairy herd during the year, twenty of which were purchased during the winter. It is expected that by next season the herd will have been built up to at least 150 cows. It is proposed to again apply the tuberculin test to the herd before the end of the season. A very good season was experienced with the sheep, but, unfortunately, the prices for both wool and lambs were low. The wool, however, brought a slightly better price than the 1931 clip. Seven hundred fat lambs were sold, the average price received being 15s. 6d. ; 750 breeding-ewes were kept during the year, and approximately 106 per cent, of lamlts have been marked. A large number of baconer and porker pigs have been sold at satisfactory prices and a number of weaner and breeding pigs have also been satisfactorily disposed of. Owing to wet and broken weather, some difficulty was experienced in getting the hay crop stacked in good order ; 150 tons of hay was saved, and of this quantity 100 tons was baled ; 60 tons was disposed of at satisfactory prices. Over 100 acres has been closed up for hay this season and promises to be a good crop. The turnip crop was a very good one and, together with the hay, provided ample feed to bring the stock through the winter in good condition. An area of 85 acres has again been sown in turnips to provide winter feed for the stuck. The oat crop on the farm was a heavy one, and on this account was difficult to harvest in good condition ; 180 tons of sheaves were stacked, 1,500 bushels of oats were threshed, the yield on the light land at Rhodes leasehold, Otatara, being about 50 bushels to the acre, while on the heavier land at the Institution the yield was approximately 90 bushels to the acre. The remainder of the oat crop is being used for chaff. With the exception of 6 tons sold locally, this is all being used on the farm. Eighty-five acres have been sown in oats this year, and the crop is looking well. Sixteen acres of potatoes were dug, and turned out very satisfactory. Owing to a wet spell before the digging was finished, a number of the tubers were affected, causing some loss. The crop, however, provided sufficient potatoes for our own Institution and, in addition, 45 tons were sold and 40 tons forwarded to northern institutions. The garden and experimental area again provided more than sufficient vegetables for the Institution rations, the surplus being disposed of on the local market. A large quantity of firewood has been cut during the year and used in the Institution and on the farm, thus reducing the quantity of coal and lignite required to be purchased. All smithy work required by the Institution and farm has been satisfactorily carried out in the blacksmith's shop at the Institution, including a great deal of repair work for the dredge. In the bootmaker's shop the work has been confined to repairs and the making of boots for officers of the South Island institutions. The following works were carried out during the year : In connection with the reclamation of the freehold area a further 41 chains of drain, approximately 21 ft. by 4 ft. by 6 ft., was dug on the northern boundary. This completed the drain along the whole of the western and northern boundaries, a total length of 203 chains. The completion of this drain cuts off from the freehold area of the farm all water from the adjoining properties. As a large proportion of the water brought down by this

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drain is emptied into the estuary through flood-gates, it has the effect of reducing to a great extent the work of the electric pump being used for draining this area. Trees have been planted along the whole length of the drain and a fence has been erected alongside the drain as a protection to both the drain and the trees. All spoil obtained from the digging of the drain has been used for filling in low-lying areas on the adjacent freehold land, and has resulted in a great deal of improvement to a large area. In terms of the revised agreement with the Invercargill City Council a new road has been formed to give access to the proposed aerodrome on Section 6. Thin work has been completed, the total length of road formed being 47 chains. Surface drains were cut along the sides of the road. In further pursuance of the drainage and roading work up to a certain value to be carried out in terms of our agreement with the Council, a drain is being dug through Lake Hawkins, a distance of 35 chains having been completed. A small wall 5 chains in length has been built at the lake. Further drainage and roading work is also being carried out on this area. The work of forming the road, Section 11, which required to be carried out under the agreement with the Council has also been proceeded with. 22 chains of the road have been formed and the work is being carried on at present. In April work was commenced on the building of a wall along the eastern bank of the Waihopai River Estuary from Stead Street Bridge to Puni Creek, in terms of the agreement with the City Council. Steady progress has been made with the work, and at the end of the year 18 chains of the wall had been completed. The material has all to be conveyed out to the wall by pontoon. The work of dredging a berth at the Invercargill Jetty, which is another of the works required in terms of our agreement with the Council, was commenced in February last and completed on the 31st August. This completed the dredging required south of the Stead Street Bridge, and the dredge was moved through the bridge on the 19th September, and a commencement was made with the dredging of a channel for the Council, north of the bridge. This work has been continued for the remainder of the year and is still in progress. In addition to drains specially mentioned, several small drains have been dug during the year and large parties have been employed at frequent intervals keeping the existing drains clean. In large drains alone, a total length of over six miles of drains has been cleaned. Protective works were built at the Grassmere flood-gates, and a great deal of work has been put in keeping in order and repairing all flood-gates. The electric pump has also been kept going when required, with the result that the farm has been drier this year than probably ever before. The work of repairing the rifle-range wall has been continued practically throughout the year. In addition to repair work, which consists principally of cutting weiwei tufts and planting them 6 tiers high and filling up behind them with spoil, groynes are being erected to strengthen the wall. The groynes are being erected mainly with stakes and fascines. Twelve acres of land at Rhodes' leasehold, Otatara, were stumped during the year and sown in potatoes and turnips. During the year the whole of the electrical installation in the Institution and farm buildings was overhauled and brought up to the standard required by the electrical regulations. Waikeria Borstal Institution (Te Awamutu). (Superintendent, Mr. D. Dunlop.) On the Ist January, 1932, there were in custody 111 Borstal inmates, and 74 were received during the year; the discharges were 8 on the expiration of sentences and 60 on probationary licenses. while 10 were transferred to other institutions, thus leaving 107 inmates in custody on the 31st December, 1932. In the reformatory section there were in custody at the beginning of the year 39 inmates, and 95 were received during the year ; of these, 7 were discharged on the expiration of sentences, 27 were released on probationary license, and 34 were transferred to other institutions, leaving a total of 66 in custody on the 31st December, 1932. The daily average number in custody during the year was 103 in the Borstal section and 50 in the reformatory section. On the sth March, 1932, two inmates escaped from one of the dairies, but were recaptured a few days later a few miles from the Institution property. On the 26th November, 1932, two further inmates escaped from the farm. They were recaptured by the police near Whakatane. Although all four offenders were charged with escaping from lawful custody and dealt with by the Court, one cannot help remarking that the punishment awarded to two of the escapees was totally inadequate, inasmuch as it did not result in additional detention. It is recognized that, in the public interest as well as for the good conduct of institutions, escapes from prison or Borstal are highly undesirable, and that opportunities for escaping should be kept down to a minimum. On the other hand, it must be remembered that the system of Borstal training on farms, which has already produced excellent results, makes it quite impossible to attain the ideal. Experience has shown that, except in a few isolated cases, the escape of an inmate is generally the result of a foolish impulse, and many escapees subsequently turn out to be good and trustworthy inmates. In my opinion, however, it is most important for the punishment of an escapee to be not only adequate from a punitive point of view, but also sufficient to act as a deterrent to others. Unless this fact is fully recognized, the difficulties of Borstal training and prevention of escapes will be immeasurably increased. One inmate died during the year in the Waikato Public Hospital. On the whole, the general health of the inmates was very good. Medical treatment was provided by the Medical Officer, Dr. J. Roberton, who made frequent visits to the Institution and carried out his duties in a very painstaking manner. Facilities for adequate dental attention wore provided as usual.

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In former reports I have emphasized the difficulties which have existed for some time in finding suitable employment for the young mm discharged from the Institution, and have stressed the great value of the work of organizations and individuals who endeavour to secure them jobs. The year under review was probably the most difficult yet experienced, employment for tradesmen being practically unattainable. However, there was a fair amount of work available on farms, and it was to these tasks that the majority of the discharged inmates were placed. It is very pleasing to note that the farmers in the surrounding districts are always willing to give the inmates a trial. During the year there was ample work of a useful and productive nature available to keep all inmates fully employed on the farm property. Reference is being made later to the various activities cm the farm. As a means of economy as well as an aid to character, the value of work of an educative and productive nature cannot be too highly stressed. Discipline was maintained at a very high standard during the year. No very serious offences occurred during the year, the majority being minor breaches of regulations concerning damage to clothing and equipment resulting from want of reasonable care. The Department is indebted to the Visiting Justice, Mr. W. Jeffrey, and to the members of the Visiting Committee, Mr. F. Quin (Chairman), Mr. F. W. Bevin, Mr. G. A. Empson, and Mr. F. Gilbert, for their helpful assistance to the activities of the institution and for the sound judgment they displayed in dealing with disciplinary matters. The usual facilities were provided for recreation. Although adequate recreation is advisable, it is important to ensure that it is kept within reasonable bounds, so that conditions are not made too pleasant. Work and recreation must be maintained in reasonable proportions. Mr. F. Findlav, of Hamilton, is to be thanked for bringing to the Institution several parties who provided excellent concerts and interesting lectures, which were greatly appreciated by the inmates. A concert party was organized amongst the inmates, and a very fine programme was drawn up. The concert, which was presented twice at Waikeria before a large number of visitors, was considered to be of such a high standard that the party were invited to repeat the performances at Hamilton and at Te Awamutu. At Hamilton the proceeds were devoted to the relief of distress through the St. John's Ambulance Association, and at Te Awamutu to augment the funds of the District High School Committee. Several other requests were received to present the concert in various localities to assist deserving objects, but owing to the discharge of a number of inmate performers it was not found possible to accede to the requests. The night-school class was conducted on 102 evenings, the average attendance being thirty-four. The class oaturally requires splitting up in suitable divisions to facilitate work. The course is a commonsense one, which should prove of some use in general life. Lectures were given on dairying, agriculture, and general subjects. Drill classes were also conducted in the usual manner with good results. In the field of sport the inmates were able to maintain their reputation for sportmanslike play. Although the team did not win any trophies, iit was successful in winning several matches in the senior-grade competitions under the control of the Waipa Rugby Union. In addition to matches played by the first fifteen in the Rugby competitions, a local competition between three Institution teams was staged, a shield for the winning team being donated by Mr. Clarke, of Te Awamutu. Several cricket matches were played during the season and the Institution team was fairly successful. All the games were played in the best of spirit and were thoroughly enjoyed by all concerned. The generosity of outside clubs in coming to the Institution and providing games with the local teams is greatly appreciated. Good conduct and industry enables inmates to qualify for membership of the special class which is permitted to indulge in appropriate games during the evenings. Religious services were again provided during the year by visiting chaplains from Te Awamutu and Kihikihi. A new cell house was erected during the year to permit of additional accommodation for thirty inmates in the reformatory section. The administration building, cell range and kitchen block, and reformatory-cell house were painted during the year, and all other Institution buildings received adequate maintenance and are in good condition. The machinery was removed from the old powerhouse building, and preliminary work towards converting the building to a cottage commenced. A fourth dairy was erected on the homestead block to provide for a herd of one hundred cows. Milking operations at this dairy commenced on the Ist August last. The additional revenue accruing as the result of the erection of this dairy will soon repay the Department for the expenditure involved. A disturbing feature during the year was the very low prices ruling for all classes of farmproduce. Although there has been a marked increase in production from the farm, the decline in market prices has been so severe that it has been impossible to maintain revenue at the level of former years. This has naturally had its effect upon the funds available for the conduct of the farming activities, and expenditure had to be curtailed considerably. Notwithstanding these adverse factors, very satisfactory progress has been made, and the property is looking very well. A considerable amount of labour and money in spraying-materials has been expended in the destruction of ragwort, which is fast becoming a serious menace in the district. During the year a portion of the farm property of about 472 acres in area, being part of the Block B taken over from the Mental Hospital Department some years ago, was offered by the Lands Department for public selection by ballot. The loss of this valuable area of land necessitated a reduction of the sheep flocks and the disposal of a number of dry stock during the period of adverse prices. As indicated previously, there are now four separate dairies on the property, each of which is equipped to handle more than one hundred cows. All the milking is done by hand, thus providing

21

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valuable productive and educative work for a large number of inmates. Careful and complete records of each cow's production have been kept for some years, and by careful selection and extensive culling very fine Jersey and Shorthorn herds have been built up. During the season ended 31st July, 1932, during which only three dairies were operating, an average of 336 cows were milked, resulting in a milk yield of 2,543,879 lb. at an average test of 4-03 per cent. The average factory cream-test was 39-59 per cent., and over 80 per cent, of the cream supplied to the factory was graded superfine. The average estimated butterfat-yield per cow was 293-38 lb. Eevenue from cream supplied to the factory amounted to £4,536. A clip of twenty-six bales, weighing 9,827 lb., was shorn from 980 sheep, and 413 lambs were reared. During the year the supply of mutton and beef for ration requirements of Auckland Prison was continued. Top prices were received for the majority of hides and skins disposed of through the auction rooms. As the result of the policy of gradual extension of the pig industry, increased numbers are 1 icing stocked, and 455 fat pigs were sold during the year. By a careful study of the industry it has been found practicable to increase production of pork without any material increase in costs. Practically the whole of the fodder supplied to the pigs is skim-milk, farm-produce, and kitchen-refuse, which does not involve any cash expenditure. During winter months it has been found profitable to purchase meat-meal for inclusion in the animals' rations. Although production from the garden has been well maintained, intensive local competition has brought about very low prices, resulting in a reduction in revenue. Easily cultivated vegetables have been practically unsaleable, and, as a result, we have concentrated largely upon other varieties. Although the decline in values for garden-produce has been very serious, the industry still maintains a cash profit, and its value as a means for the absorbing of the labour of inmates fit for light duties in a useful manner cannot be overlooked. During the year an area was set apart for the cultivation of tobacco-plants in order that the Department might undertake the manufacture of its own tobacco for issue to prisoners. An area of approximately 3 acres was planted, the varieties used being as follows: Judy's Pride, 7,000 ; Clowe, 2,000 ; Kavalla, 2,100. In the management of this industry the valuable and regular advice of Mr. C. Lowe, Instructor in Tobacco-culture for the Department of Agriculture, has been available. It is pleasing to be able to report that the tobacco-plants have thrived splendidly and the crop promises to be a first-class one. In one of his latest reports Mr. Lowe says : " This plantation continues to be ahead of all other plantations in the Auckland Province." As a result of the failure of the crop of certain varieties of apples and very low market prices, the orchard only returned a sum of £188 for the season ended May, 1932. During the year the question of adequate manuring of the orchard was investigated. The apple crop for the current season promises to be much better, and prices also appear more satisfactory. Production from the apiary was well maintained and 2,281 lb. of honey were obtained for disposal. The pastures were maintained in good condition, although the demands for economy necessitated a reduction in top-dressing. An area of 126 acres was sown down in permanent pasture. All fences were maintained in good order and further subdivision of paddocks was undertaken to the extent of funds available for the purpose.. The following crops were harvested during the year : Ensilage, 262 tons ; hay, 30 tons ; oaten sheaves, 50 tons ; soft turnips, 235 tons ; maize (for green feed), 600 tons ; swede turnips, 3,000 tons ; potatoes, 68 tons. Potatoes to the value of £120 were disposed of through the auction-rooms. The Institution provided several entries of live-stock and all classes of farm and garden produce in the 1932 Show organized by the Te Awamutu Agricultural, Pastoral, and Horticultural Association, and was successful in gaining seven first prizes and six minor prizes. One of the outstanding features of the Show was our display in the home-industries tent. Here were exhibited, in addition to all classes of farm and garden produce, samples of all classes of work which the inmates perform as part of their daily tasks. This display was very favourably commented upon, and provided a number of people with a new conception of the activities of the Institution, and also provided an excellent advertisement for our products. In conclusion, I desire to thank the staff for their loyal co-operation during the year. Point Halswell Borstal Institution. (Acting-Superintendent, Miss A. Escott.) At the beginning of the year there were 44 inmates in the Institution, 38 of whom were Borstal inmates and 6 inmates in the reformatory section. During the year 36 inmates were received into the Borstal Institution and 33 were released on probation or transferred elsewhere, leaving 41 young women in custody at the end of December, 1932. Forty older women were received into the reformatory, and 40 were discharged or transferred to other institutions, leaving 6 in custody at the end of the year. Three Borstal inmates were admitted to the Public Hospital during the year for treatment, and three admitted to the Maternity Home ; on the whole, the health of the inmates has been exceptionally good. The industry of the girls has been most satisfactory. They all take their turn in assisting with the general routine of the institution—viz., laundry, the making of garments for this and other institutions, darning puttees for the Defence Department, soapmaking, and kitchen work, which includes the making of jam for this Institution and Mount Crawford Prison.

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The vegetable garden, under the supervision of an Assistant Matron, is worked by the inmates, and a good supply of vegetables is maintained. Our school work, games, and physical exercises have gone on steadily throughout the year. The inter-house games shield is always keenly competed for at the end of each year. Our thanks are due to the various clergymen who come out regularly on Sundays in order that services of the different denominations might be held for the inmates ; owing to their visits the inmates get the opportunity of attending the service of their own denomination at least once a month. Our grateful thanks are due to the members of the Visiting Committee and to the ladies of the Borstal Association not only for the help given the girls during the time they are in the institution, but for the interest taken after they are released. Although the past year has been a particularly trying one through lack of employment and scarcity of funds, not one girl has left the Institution without having a good outfit of clothing, and either a position or friends to go to. The after-care of these girls has developed into a quite a responsibility, therefore the ladies of the association have to give up a great deal of their time in trying to place the girls in the right environment, and then keeping in touch with them for a considerable time afterwards. We also wish to thank the association for providing weekly entertainments and for parcels of clothing including material for underclothing. The making of these garments gives the girls an interest, and provides them with an outfit after they are released. The inmates were not forgotten during the Christmas and New Year holidays. Two beautiful cakes were received from Her Excellency the Lady Bledisloe, the Borstal Association gave each girl a little gift, and also provided fruit and cakes for tea on Christmas Day. At the New Year Mrs. Sprott arranged the party given by the women's organizations of the Church of England, and our girls had a happy afternoon. The two Official Visitors to the reformatory section (Mrs. R. Glover and Mrs. P. Yeates) have visited the Institution regularly during the year, and their kindly advice to the inmates is always greatly appreciated.

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Table A. Table showing Particulars, for each Prison, of Prisoners at Beginning and End of Year, and received and discharged during Year 1932.

24

(a) In prison at beginning of year :— Undergoing — M. F. M. F. M. p. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. m. f. Simple imprisonment, hard labour — Under three months .. .. .. 18 2 .... 3 10 .. 2 .. 15 .. .. 2 6 .. 48 20 122! 4 126 Three months and under one year .. .. .. 9 85 4 3 .. 2 13 .. 7 .. 63 .... 3 1 1 .. 6 .. 45 .. 27 .. 7 .' 260 16 276 One year and upwards .. .. .. .. 9 194 5 40 1 .. 30 .. 40 25 .. 16 50 .. 20 .. 38 .. 29 483 14 497 Detention as habitual criminals .. .. .. .. 1 54 .. 1 1 1 .. 4 1 62' 1 63 Reformative detention .. .. .. .. .. 3 52 5 47 .. 7 .. | 14 .. 41 .... 1 .... 20 .. 22 35 .. 6 .. 26 .. 22 292 9 301 Detention in Borstal Institution .. 198 38 Ill 1 310 38 348 Total criminals in prison .. .. ..22 403 16 91 .. 12 .. 198 .. 24 .. 53 .Jl59 .... 6 .. 38 46 .. 39 ..111 .. 87 .. 42 .. 158 .. 79 .. 27 1,529 821,611 For trial or on remand .. .. .. 16 1 .. .. 2 .., . .j 1 .. 9 .. 2 l| 5 6 41 2 43 Total in prison for criminal offences .. ..22 419 17 91 „ 14 ..198 .. 24 .. 54 ..168 .. .. 6 .. 38 46 .. 39 ..111 .. 87 .. 44 1 163 .. 79 .. 33 l,57o! 841,654 Debtors .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 3 .. 3 Total persons in prison .. .. .. 22 420 17 91 .. 14 ..198 .. 25 .. 54 ..168 .. .. 6 .. 38 46 .. 3'J ..111 .. 87 .. 45 1 163 .. 79 ..I 33 ..I ..I ..1,573 841,657 (b) Received during the year :— Sentenced to— Simple imprisonment, hard labour — Under three months .. .. .. .. .. 43 768 30 .... 15 109 1 63 .. 328 .... 17 48 .. 519 467 5128J 12,445! 972,542 Three months and under one year .. .. .. 21 287 20 .... 15 39 .. 9 .. 135 .... 8 5 .. 207 83 2 .. i .. 780 51 83] One year and upwards .. .. .. .. 6 61 7 .... 6 12 .. 6 .. 24 .... 2 6 .. 69 12 ....'.. 196 15 211 Hard labour, reformative detention, and declared .. .. 1 1 .. 1 habitual criminal Hard labour and reformative detention .. 35 1 1 .. 1 .. 6 8 9 60J 1 61 Hard labour and flogging .. .. 2 2I .. 2 Reformative detention only .. .. .. .. 2 54 4 .... 13 ...... 8 .. 5 .. 37 .... 1 .. 1 1 .. 1 .. 41 26 2 .... 187 9 196 Hard labour and detention in Borstal Institution 2 j .. 2 .. 2 Detention in Borstal Institution .. 18 95 .. 2 1 6 1 9 33 16 1 .. 19 166 35 201 Hard labour and declared habitual criminal 4 1 1 4 10 .. 10 Declared habitual criminal .. .. 1 I 1. 1 Deatht 1 j 1 1 3 .. 3 Under conviction for sentence .. .. 8 ...... 1 ...... 1 .. 3.. 5 1 4 5 1 .. .. 27 1 28 Total new prisoners received .. .. .. 72 1,241 62 ..I ..50 .. 95 ..172 2 94 l|545J .... 28 .. 33 .... 1 .. 16 .. 1 .. 61 .. 869 607 10128; 1 3,880!208 4,089 On remand or for trial .. .. .. .. .. 11 237 21 .. .. 34 ..! .. .. ;!f> .. 34 .. 117 .. .. 7 54 1 119 171 5| . .1 .. 801 46 846 Total .. .. .. .... 831,478 83 .... 84 .. 95 .. 207 2128 1662 .... 35 .. 33 .... 1 .. 16 .. 1 ..115 1 988 778 15128 14,6812544,935 Debtors .. .. .. .. 34 15 20 .. 23 .. 17 .. .. 1 11 .. 47 85 1 8 .. 260 2 262 Lunatics .. .. .. .. i 1 . . 1 Total new persons received .. .. .. 831,512 83 .. .. 99 .. 95 ..227 215 1 1679 .... 36 .. 33 ... 1 .. Iβ! .. 1 .. 126 ll,036j 863 16136 14,9422565,198 On transfer or in trunsitu .. .. .. ..15 64 2 67 .. 3 .. 37 .. 28 .. 14 .. 11.1 .. .. 4 .. 3 40 . 94 .. 58> .. 60 .. 18 .. 162 .. 133 .. 62 2 ..I .. 955! 26 981 I .. '_ I ■ !. ! Grand totals .. .. .. .. ..i 981,576 85 67 ■ Jl02 .. 132 .. 255 2165 1J794 1 .. .. 40 ..36 40 .. 95 .. 74' . J 61 ..144: 11,198 ..'133 .. 925 18136 15,897282 6,179 * Deemed to be prisons under the provisions of section 17 of the Statute Law Amendment Act, 1917. t In two cases the sentence was commuted to imprisonment for life.

H.—2o.

Table A—continued. Table showing Particulars, for each Prison, of Prisoners at Beginning and End of Year, and received and discharged during Year 1932— continued.

4—H. 20

25

I ? I ! Ill 1 4 1 I III t. t II fi I I ,1 i| I I II 1 If Milt P ifllM ! I ¥ lj 1 I 1 O Discharged during the year :— On expiration of sentence — M. F. M. F. M. F. M. ]■'. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. 1?. M. F. M. F. M. p. M. F. M. i\ M. f. m. f. M. F. M. f. M. f. Simple imprisonment, hard labour .. .. .. 731,040 50 .. .. 27 L38 .. 71 ..513 .. .. 23 3 69! .. 67!) .. 00 .. 463 6)28 13,1911533,344 .Reformative detention .. .. .. 2 1 |3 ! 1 7.. 7 Detention in Borstal Institution .. 1 6 1 .. 2 <i . . y On special remission — Hard labour .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 33 2 6 .. 1 4 .. .. .. 8 10 .. 3 9 .. I .. 23 .. 26 124 3 127 Reformative detention .. 1 .. 3 .. 1 1 •• 1 4 .. ..! 2 13 .. 13 Died .. .. .. .. .. 3 1 .. 1 ...... 1 2 8 .. 8 Executed .. .. .. .. Absconded and not retaken .. .. 1 : j 1 .. 1 Committed suicide .. .. .. j Released on recommendation of Prisons or Parole Board — Hani labour .. .. .. .. .. ..7 44 4 14 3 ..' 8 .. 29 8 .. 9 9 .. 5 .. 14 .. 13 .. 5 161 11 172 Reformative detention .. .. .. .. .. 3 25 3 32 .. 6 1 .. 3 .. 24 | .. 14 .. 18 18 .. 4 .. 19 .. 14 178 6 184 Detention in Borstal Institution .. 130 30 62 192 30 222 Habitual criminals .. .. .. 27: .. 1 ; 1 1 30 .. 30 Total criminals discharged to freedom .. .. 841,176 59 56 .. 36 ..132 ..147 .. 82 ..'578 .. ..123 .. 30 33 .. 34 .. 68 .. 40 .. 82 .. 737 ..117 ..I 468 6128 13,9142034.117 Acquitted and after remand .. .. .",6 3 .... 30 2 .. 17 .. 125 1 9 16 255 4 259 Debtors .. .. .. .. 35 14 . . ,. .. 21 .. 22 .. 17 12 .. 47 78 .. 8 .. 254 .. 254 Lunatics transferred to mental hospitals .. 9 2 2 : i 6 5 24 .. 24 Total persons discharged from prison .. .. 841,276 62 56 .. 82 ..132 ..170 ..121 ..,722 .. .. 23 .. 30 33 .. 34 .. 68 .. 40 .. 94 1 799 ..117 .. 567 6136 14,447 207 4,654 Transferred to other prisons or to the police .. .. 8 294 20, 10 .. 16 .. 4 .. 93] 2 33 ll 65 .. .. 16 .. 3 9 .. 34 .. 10 .. 34 .. 63 1 3!J7 .. 19 .. 340 12 .. ..1,421 631,484 Released on bail.. .. .. .. .. .. 3 40 1 .... 4 8 ..| 19 .... 1 j 2 .. 8 29j 110 5 115 Grand totals .. .. .. .. .. 951,610 83 | 66 ..102 ..136 ..263 2 162 1806 .. .. 40 .. 33 42 .. 08 .. 78 .. 74 ..159 21,204 ..136 .. 936 18 136 1 >,978 275 6,253 (d) In prison at end of year :— I Undergoing — Simple imprisonment, hard labour — Under three months .. .. .. 22 5 .. 5 .. 8 .... 1 1 1 .. f23 12 77 1 78 Three months and under one year .. .. .. 7 62 7 1 .. 4 7.. 2 .. 45 .. .. 2 .. .. 1 .. 4 2.. 42.. 26.. 1 197 16 213 One year and upwards .. .. .. .. 9 188 8 41 .. 2 2 .. 33 .. 36 .. .. 1 .... 17 .. 31 31 .. 12 .. 44 .. 28 465 18 483 Detention as habitual criminals .. .. 46 .. 2 ! 1 1 1 .. 3 .. 1 55 .. 55 Reformative detention .. .. .. .. .. 9 46 3 48 .. 6 1 .. 16 .. 59 .. .. 2 .... 25 .. 30 42 .. 8 .. 30 .. 22 333 14 347 Detention in Borstal Institution .. 1 j .. 194 .. ..[ 41 107 j 302 41 343 Total criminals in prison .. .. .. 25 365 18 92 .. 12 ..194 .. 15 .. 56 ..149 .. .. 6 ! .. 41 44 .. 66 ..107 .. 74 .. 26 .. 140 .. 76 .. 13 1,429 901,519 For trial or on remand .. .. .. 20| 1 .. .. 1 2 .. 1... 6 , 4 .. 17 ...... 9 60 1 61 Total in prison for criminal offences .. .. 25 385 19 92 .. 13 ..194 .. 17 .. 57 . Jl55 .... 6 .. 41 44 .. 66 ..107 .. 74 .. 30 .. 157 .. 76 .. 22 1,489! 91 1,r>80 Debtors .. .. .. .. 1 1 1 ' | i i 3 3 _ Total persons in prison .. .. i .. 25| 386 19 92 .. 14 ..194 . J 17| .. 57| ..Il56 .. ..I 6' .. 4l| 44| .. 66| ..,107! .. 74| .. 30l .. 1571 ..I 76 .. 22 1,492, 911,583 * Deemed to be prisons under the provisions of section 17 of the Statute Law Amendment Act, 1917. t Including one prisoner awaiting execution.

H.—2o,

26

Table A1. Table showing Number of Prisoners at each Prison or Institution in the Dominion during the Year 1932.

Sickness. (c.) Number of Distinct Prisoners ill on One or More Occasions, with Number of Occasions, Total Number of Separate Greatest Number in Least .Number in Dailv Average Number of Illnesses, Total Number of Days, and Dally Average on Name of Prison. Prison Prison ■ prisoners. (o.) (Jreatcst Number (6J Admissions Sick-list. at One Time. at One Time. ' m at any One to Hospital during ; ; Time. Year. . . j . Number Total Daily a> g g8 S* ?S aaS s tf Number Average g ■% S=E , os 55 mSg> Separate of on O HHH*H H " ° Illnesses. Days iU. Sick-list. M. F. T. M F. T. M. F. T, M. ¥. T. M. F. T. Addington (Women's Reformatory) .. 28 28 18 18 .. 23-34 23-34 .. 1 2 2 5 1 7 48 0-13 Auckland .. 470 18 488 376 17 393 423-30 21-62 444-92 28 1 29 28 4 32 142 29 11 3 1 1 257 3,402 9-29 Hautu (Tokaanu) .. .. 96 .. 96 82 .. 82 90-14 .. 90-14 5 .. 5 22 3 1 .. 1 .. 36 191 ' 0-52 Invercareill .. •■ .. 24 .. 24 9 .. 9 13-99 .. 13-99 3 .. 3 11 1 1 2 .. .. 24 143 0-39 Invereargill (Borstal Institution) .. 213 .. 213 185 .. 185 199-47 .. 199-47 1!) .. 19 7 .. 7 63 49 25 22 4 6 382 2,163; 5-91 Napier 34 34 10 I" 2002 0-05 2007 4 .. 4 2 2 12 2 16 141 | 0-39 New Plymouth 64 1 65 49 1 50 57-37 .. 57-37 3 .. 3 21 2 3 1 .. .. 38 240 0-66 Paparua (Templeton) .. .. 207 .. 207 153 .. 153 173-14 .. 173-14 !) .. 9 8 .. 8 58 8 3 83 765 209 Pt.Halswell (Women's Reformatory) .. 8 8 .. 1 1 ■• 4-30 4-30 .. ; .. Point Halswell (Borstal Institution) .. 49 49 37 37 .. 44-00 44-00 .. 8 8 .. 8 8 6 1 8 182 0-55 Rangipo 49 .. 49 37 .. 37 43-79 .. 43-79 8 8 3 .. 3 11 3 1 20 321 0-88 Waikma (Reformatory) .. .. 66 .. 66 37 .. 37 50-00 .. 50-00 6 .. ti 4 .. 4 17 | 5 .... 1 1 45 613 1-67 Waikma (Borstal Institution) .. 110 .. 119 94 .. 04 1U3-00 .. 103-00 10 .. | 10 6 .. 6 32 12 6 5 1 .. 09 744 203 Waikune (Erua) . OS 98 70 .. 70 81-80 .. 81-80 23 23 5 .. 5 31 | 8 11 3 2 .. 102 883 2-41 Wanganui 4!) 49 22 22 34-00 .. 3400 2.. 2 4.. 44 4 46 0-13 Wellington 203 .. 203 144 .. 144 173-80 .. 173-80 21.. 21 7 .. 7 51 11 5 1 1 .. 97 474 1-30 Wi Tako (Trentham) .. .. 101 .. 101 7] .. 71 84-14 .. 84.14 12 .. 12 22 5 1 35 144 0-39 Minor prisons and police-gaols 27-90 .. 27-90 4 .. 4 13 2 1 2 1 .. 33 124 0-33 Totals.. .. .. .. 7. .. 77~ .. .. 1,575-86 93-31 1,669-17 78 12 90 521 142 69 39 12 8 1,286 10,624 | 29-07

H.—2o.

Table B. PRISONS DEPARTMENT. Income and Expenditure Account for the Year ended 31st March, 1933.

Expenditure. £ s. d. To Rations.. .. .. .. .. 23,910 4 8 Clothing, footwear, and equipment .. 9,536 10 9 Earnings and wages: Prisoners and dependants 17,692 12 1 Hospital maintenance and medicines .. 1,419 12 9 Transport and travelling expenses .. .. 5,225 15 1 Maintenance: Buildings and grounds .. 1,174 4 11 Salaries and allowances .. .. .. 46,625 9 8 Fuel, light, water, &c. .. .. .. 5,827 7 1 Postage, telegrams, stationery, &c. .. 1,203 13 11 112,645 10 11 £ s. d. Prison labour (domestic) .. 21,139 3 11 Less earnings and wages paid .. .. 17,469 17 3 3,669 6 8 Interest and depreciation .. .. .. 44,338 9 5 Administrative expenses .. .. .. 4,709 14 11 £165,363 1 11 £ s. d. To Gross cost brought down .. .. .. 156,239 0 7 Oceuj)ational labour .. .. .. 16,348 19 7 Reduction on revaluation of Wi Tako land .. 4,238 14 2 £176,826 14 4

Income. £ s. d. By Rents of departmental buildings .. .. 3,080 311 Sundry credits and recoveries .. .. .5,443 17 5 Gross cost of departmental upkeep (£94 os. lOd. per prisoner per annum) .. .. 156,239 0 7 £165,363 111 £ s. d. By Prison labour .. .. .. .. 32,285 2 5 Public Account: Surplus on industries .. 7,005 610 Net cost, departmental upkeep (£B2 16s. per prisoner per annum) .. .. .. 137,536 5 1 £176,826 14 4

Balance-sheet as at 31st March, 1933.

Liabilities. £ s. d. Capital Account .. .. .. .. 980,978 16 2 Depreciation Reserve .. .. .. 170,329 13 11 Sundry creditors .. .. .. .. 6,117 9 1 Accrued earnings .. .. .. .. 6,558 15 9 Deposits .. .. .. .. .. 563 17 9 Writings-off in Suspense— £ s. d. Wi Tako land revaluation .. 5,853 14 2 Sundry stores and live-stock .. 1,091 17 3 6,945 11 5 £1,171,494 4 1

Asset*. " . £ a. d. Land, buildings, and improvements .. .. 860,277 19 7 Farm livc-stock, implements, &c. .. .. 40,867 12 7 Plant, machinery, equipment, and stores .. 94,968 15 11 Sundry debtors .. .. . . .. 3,583 6 1 Deposits .. .. .. .. .. 1,527 18 8 Expenditure paid in advance .. .. 182 17 0 Writings-off in Suspense .. .. 6,945 11 5 Treasury Adjustment Account .. .. 21,776 14 1 Departmental cost for year— £ . s. d. Prisons and administration.. 137,536 5 1 Prisons Board and probation 3,827 3 8 141,363 8 9 £1,171,494 4 1

G. 0. Hall, A.R.A.N.Z., Accountant.

27

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Table B1. Analysis of Value of all Prison Labour for the Year ended 31st March, 1933, together with Corresponding Totals for Previous Years.

Summary of above, and also of Previous Years.

28

Improvements. Works and Industries. Institutional Maintenance. ' Annual Value of Labour per Head. Erection Boot Block „ „ , o ?h P m' 1 ? Domestic Domeetlc Domestic Total, Total, Total. 1932-33. 1931-32. T Farm- Mam- Farms and Tile Q^ 8 *_?",__ Mlscel- Cleaning Launder Cooking, 0 1932-33. 1931-32. 1930-31. _ Buildings develop- facturing and Manu- »"£works and laneou8 tenance of and , d Bakl uccupa i [ . i 1 £££*.£-£'££££££££*£ £ * ArtHimrton 180 305 .. 210 39 72 .. 806 727 696 23-53 34-26 22-44 33-90 \, ml " 1*657 .. 1,493 174 .. 2,620 .. 1,746 433 2,584 1,137 552 7,824 20,220 20,534 19,826 443-72 45-57 452-46 45-38 »',,,. ' 'l25 3 716 950 .. 6i 123 169 438 188 5,773 5,136 3,103 89-65 64-47 79-58 64-54 £*',' 1,839 " 385 5 78 88 75 2,470 2,679 2,244 43-54 56-73 42-62 62-88 I,n t areill'" 3 193 175 4,654 470 863 603 690 .. 10,048 9,334 9,375 211-11 47-59 206-94 45-10 V,,ir ' 30 :S42 . .. 120 87 66 92 88 825 1,000 857 18-94 43-56 22-70 44-05 NewPh-noith 291 .. 1,467 .. .. 88 451! 233 260 170 2,960 2,745 2,694 5801 51-02 56-96 48-19 V -m-irua "66 .'. 2 357 .",7 931 .. .. 609 781 I 489 511 1,817 7,617 9,196 8,422 169-94 44-82 172-58 53-28 >o nt Halswcll " " 399 633 225 | 258 9 85 .. 1,609 1,554 1,354 47-77 33-68 46-90 33-11 u.,i •,.,•■•_ '386 57 7 574 .. .. .. 140 685: 961 498 492 .. 10,793 10,370 10,664 159-65 67-60 149-89 69-18 Waikune 254 111 . 5 712 .. 114 ' 195 296 731 300 7,713 6,855 8,320 78-91 97-74 I 71-20 96-28 Waneanui ! " '■'■ '■'■ 70 410 140 141 91 852 968 669 31-77 26-81 36-79 26-31 WelBrurton" 505 .. .. 87 256 1,148 429 349 5,961 8,735 9,336 8,993 167-97 52-00 56-77 59-55 WiTako 946 3 777 .. .. 16 173 237 121 292 .. 5,591 5,267 5,036 82-63 67-66 82-29 64-00 Minor gaole" '.'. '.'. .. .. '■'■ 13 188 136 337 462 433 34-25 9-84 42-39 10-90 Totals, 1932-33 .. 2,452 ' 9,815 1,668 20,870 57 5,30(1 5,712 I 2,927 3,840 8,252 4,318 4,730 16,348 S6.:i49 .. .. 1,661-29 51-98 Corresponding totals — 1931-32 . 3,674 10,105 1,596 21,001 38 14,640 5,124 2,665 7,560 7,889 4,255 4,659 2,957 .. 86,163 .. .. .. 1,641-51 52-49 1930-31 . .. 7,605 7,218 1,782 19,054 7$ 15,149 7,003 3,334 5,297 \ 7,835 3,153 4,578 .. .. .. 82,686

v»«r Capital Works and Institutional rwiinatlnnal Total Year - Improvements. Industries. Maintenance. Occupational. lotai. £ £ £ £ £ 1924-25 .. .. .. 13,167 51,890 18,266 .. 83,332 1925-26 .. .. .. 16,139 46,457 16,984 .. 79,580 1926-27 .. .. .. 16,676 48,499 18,l>71 .. 83,446 1927-28 .. .. .. 16,0!Ki 51,301 20.040 .. 87,431 1928-29 .. .. .. 13,018 54,627 19,205 .. 86,850 1929-30 .. .. .. 7,074 55,441 20,020 .. 82,535 1930-31 .. .. .. 14,823 47,000 20,863 .. 82,686 1931-32 .. .. .. Ki.TTIl 44,483 24,944 2,957 86,163 1932-33 .. .. .. 12,267 36,594 21,140 16.348 86,349

11.—20.

Table C. Table showing the Actual Number of Distinct Convicted Prisoners received into Gaol during the Year 1932, classified according to Principal Offences, Birthplace, and Age.

Note.—This table is also published in the Keport on Justice Statistics (Government Statistician), page 57.

29

Table C. Table showing the Actual Number of Distinct Convicted Prisoners received into Gaol during the Year 1932, classified according to Principal Offences, Birthplace, and Age. Offencw against the Offences against Miscellaneous. Person. Property. " i Totals. Convicted summarily Theftand Mischlef Drm , kemK8a .. Vagrancy.t 0^c % Indictment. 1 L L I M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. j M. F. Birthplaces— New Zealand .. 67 3 64 1 872 42 62 .. 186 11 119 54 755 21 2,125 132 Australia .. .. 9 6 75 3 3 19 .. 16 1 80 2 208 6 England and Wales .. 9 12 107 4 16 55 1 36 6 176 2 411 13 Scotland .. .. 1 1 5 42 8 43 1 16 1 70 185 3 Ireland .. .. 2 .. 4 .. 37 1 3 .. 33 1 19 4 45 .. 143 6 Other British countries 2 2 15 1 2 2 2 8 32 2 China .. .. 1 .. 1 .. 2 1 .. 64 .. 69 Other countries .. 5 15 7 1 5 1 20 1 52 3 At sea .. .. .. • • • • Not stated .. 5 1 • • 2 .. 3 11 Totals .. 96 4 94 1 1,170 50 93 .. 346 15 216 69 1,221 26 3,236 165 Ages— 15 and under 20years.. 7 3 144 10 15 .. .. 6 10 24 3 199 23 20 „ 25 „ 21 1 21 .. 282 10 19 .. 11 .. 13 12 167 2 535 25 25 „ 30 „ 22 .. 11 .. 218 5 13 .. 23 18 3 189 2 493 10 30 „ 40 „ 18 1 31 .. 282 10 22 .. 77 3 47 14 395 3 872 31 40 „ 50 „ 13 2 13 .. 148 13 17 .. 98 7 44 17 248 9 581 48 50 „ 60 „ 12 .. 8 1 73 2 5 .. 99 4 62 10 153 7 412 24 60 and over .. .. 3 7 22 1 38 1 26 3 41 138 4 Not stated .. .. I .. 1 1 • • • • .... 4 6 Totals .. 96 4 94 1 1,170 50 93 .. 346 15 216 69 1,221 26 3,236 165 Maoris included above .. 9 .. 18 .. 157 ■ 5 8 14 5 3 96 1 307 9 J * It must be remembered that drunkenness is punished more by fine than by imprisonment, so that the figures in the gaol tables do not represent the full numbt-r of persons punished for that offence. f Including importuning, consorting with rogues, &c. Note. —This table is also published in the Report on Justice Statistics (Government Statistician), page 57.

H.—2o.

Table D. PRISONS.—NEW ZEALAND BORN PRISONERS RECEIVED, 1932. Table showing the Number of Distinct New Zealand born Convicted Prisoners of each Sex (including Maoris) received during the Year 1932, classified according to Ages and Offences.

Table E. PRISONS.—MAORI PRISONERS RECEIVED, 1932. Table showing the Number, Ages, and Offences of Distinct Convicted Maoris (Male and Female) received into the various Gaols during the Year 1932.

30

12 and 15 and 20 and 25 and 30 and 40 and Not Totals under 15. under 20. under 25. under 30. under 40. upwards. stated. Offences. | M. P. I M. P. M. F. M. F. 11. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. . _ Ollences against the person — Convicted on indictment 6 17 1 20 9 1 15 1 67 3 Convicted summarily ,3 .. 18 .. 7 .. 20 .. 16 1 .. .. 64 1 Offences against property— Theft and deceit .. 133 9 225 10 173 4 194 7 146 12 1 .. 872 42 Mischief ! .. j 14 ; .. 16 .. 8 .. 12 .. II .. 1 .. 62 .. Drunkenness .. .. .. .. .. .. 7 .. 18 .. 43 2 118 9 .. .. 186 11 Vagrancy*.. .. 6 7 13 9 11 3 29 11 60 24 .. .. 119 54 Other offences .. 16 2 130 2 128 1 230 3 247 13 ; 4 ... 755 21 Totals, 1932 .. .. ..178 18 426 22 365 8 537 24 613 60 6 .. 2,125 132 Totals, 1931 168 12 390 16 343 7 495 30 541 46 2 .. 1,939 111 Totals, 1930 113 20 298 11 265 11 401 30 551 56 4 .. 1,632 128 ; i Totals, 1929 .150 7 238 7 252 7 322 22 493 53 5 ..1,460 96 Totals, 1928 .. 1 I .. 138 12 259 9 1 241 9 345 15 469 40 .. .. 1,453 85 I I__p I i I-' i i ■ * Including importuning, consorting with rogues, &c.

12 and 15 and 20 and 25 and 30 and 40 and Hot Totals under 15. under 20. under 25. under 30. under 40. upwards. seated. ° Offences. | I M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F M. F M. F. M. F I I i I 1 I I I I.I I I Offences against the person— Convioted on indictment .. ...... 1 .. 5 .. 1.. 2 .. 9 Summarily convioted .. .. 7 .. 5 .. 5 .. 1 .. .. I .. 18 Theft and deceit .. .. .. j .. .. 40 3 59 1 29 .. IK .. 11 1 .... 157 5 Mischief .. .. .. 4 .. 1.. 1.. 1 1 j .. 8.. Drunkenness .. .. .. .. 2 .. 2 .. 4 .. 6 14 Vagrancy .. .. 3 .. .. 2 1 .. 1 1 5 3 Other offences .. .. 3 .. 36 8 .. 30 .. 17 1 2 .. 96 1 Totals .. .. 51 3 110 3 47 .. 61 1 35 2 3 .. 307 9 . I 1 i |

H.—2o.

Table F. PRISONERS.— AGES AND SENTENCES. Table showing the Ages of Distinct Prisoners received under Sentence during the Year 1932, with Information as to Length of Sentence.

By Authority : G. H. LoNBT, Government Printer, Wellington. — 1933. Price 9d.]

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given ; printing (650 copies), £39 10s.

31

Total Length of Sentence. Under 1 Week 1 Month 3 Months 6 Months 9 Months [ 1 Year 2 Years 3 Years ! 4 Years 5 Years 7 Years | 10 Years 12 Years 15 Years Habitual PSSj?" ! l "WppV an under and under and under and under and under and under and under and under and under and under and under and under and under and under Life.* Death. Crimi- ... ! Totals. 1 Month. S Months. 6 Months. 9 Months. 12 Months. 2 Years. 3 Years. 4 Years. 5 Years. 7 Years. 10 Years. 12 Years. 15 Years.j 20 Years. nals. "periods ~ ™ ~ ~ ' r ~ M. P. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. M. F. 15 and under 16 4 .... 4 16 „ 17 .. .. i 9 5 .. .. .. " ;; ;; " " ;; ;; ;; ;; ;; i 5 !! 17 „ 18 3 3 1 2 1 3 14 5 15 1 41 7 18 „ 1!) 1 .. 7 9 2 1 5 20 8 18 .. 1 64 8 19 „ 20 1 .. 9 13 1 7 3 12 .. 16 6 12 1 2 75 8 20 „ 21 6 .. 16 .. 17 .. 7 1 3 1 .. 4 1 1 18 2 10 3 .. .. 1 1 83 7 21 „ 25 50 .. 70 2 108 1 60 5 25 2 8 1 37 1 60 4 24 2 4 .. 3 .. 1 1 1 .. 451 18 25 „ 30 64 .. 74 2 125 3 75 3 40 1 11 .. 50 .. 26 .. 16 1 8 .. 3 .. 1 .... 494 10 30 „ 35 78 .. 101 2 116 1 83 3 44 1 3 1 22 3 19 1 12 .. 3 .. 2 2 486 12 35 „ 40 60 3 71 1 99 4 64 6 33 3 1 .. 27 2 18 .. 10 .. 2 1 386 19 40 „ 45 67 4 66 2 76 8 39 1 22 3 3 .. 21 5 5 2 11 1 .... 1 1 5 .. .. .. 317 26 45 „ 50 69 5 55 3 67 5 34 3 22 3 .... 3 2 5 1 7 .. 1 1 264 22 so „ 55 81 2 36 3 72 4 34 1 23 2 .. .. 9 1 2 .. 3 1 261 13 55 „ 60 49 2 21 1 30 3 18 1 17 1 .... 6 3 5 .. 3 1 .. 1 151 11 60 „ 65 23 1 23 .. 14 .. 6 1 5 9 .. 2 .. 1 .. 1 1 .. 85 2 65 „ 70 10 .. 7 .. 9 1 6 .. i 1 .. .. 1 .. 2 36 1 70 „ 75 5 1 1 : 6 1 75 „ 80 2 1 .. 5 1 1 10 .. 80 and over 1 .. .. . # 1 Not stated ..2..2..1 1 . 6 1 I Totals .. 571 17 562 17 759 32 440 25 J 241 16 28 2 211 18 220 29 153 9 20 .. 11 .. 4 1 .. 1 .. 3 .. 1 .. 9 .. 1 .. 3,236 165 i ! i I ;»-• I yfgl 1 i I i * Prisoners sentenced to death, but sentence commuted to imprisonment for life. Note. —This table is also published by the Government Statistician in his Report on Justice Statistics (page 53).