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1937. NEW ZEALAND.

EDUCATION: CHILD WELFARE, STATE CARE OF CHILDREN, SPECIAL SCHOOLS, AND INFANT-LIFE PROTECTION. [In continuation of E.—4, 1936.]

Presented to both Houses of the General Assembly by Command of His Excellency.

No. 1 --EXTRACT FROM THE SIXTIETH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE MINISTER OF EDUCATION. CHILD WELFARE. Number op Children under Supervision. The total number of children under the supervision of the Child Welfare Branch as at 31st March, 1937, was 7,240, classed under the following headings : State wards— In foster-homes, hostels, and with friends .. .. . . .. 2 663 In situations (includes 19 absent without leave) .. . . .. 885 In Government institutions, receiving-homes, &c. .. .. .. ig4 In private institutions .. .. .. . . _ _ ]0g Inmates in special schools for backward children .. . . . . 253 In hospitals, convalescent homes, &c. . . .. .. _ _ g0 At School for Deaf, Sumner .. . . .. _ _ g 4,241 Young persons supervised in their own homes by Child Welfare Officers, by order of Court . . .. .. .. ~ ggg Infants supervised in foster-homes registered under the Infants Act . . 830 Pupils at School for Deaf, Sumner (other than State wards (8) included in figures above) .. .. .. , . , _ _ _ Children dealt with as preventive cases .. .. . . 1 182 Children at New Zealand Institute for Blind for whom the Department makes payment .. .. ~ .. _ _ _ _ 21 Total •• •• •• •• .. .. 7,240 The number of children committed to the care of the Superintendent during the year ended 31st March, 1937, was 432, classified according to reasons for committal, as follows : Indigent, 175; delinquent, 23 ; detrimental environment, 46 ; neglected, 22 ; not under proper control, 89 ; accused or guilty of punishable I—E. 4.

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offence, 77 ; and, in addition, 6 were admitted by private arrangement (5 under section 12, Child Welfare Act, and 1 under section 46, Infants Act), 43 were temporarily admitted, while 4 placed under supervision were ordered to be detained in residence for a period, making the total number of admissions for the year 485. Of the children committed, 75 had been dealt with previously by the Courts for other offences, for which they had received terms of supervision. Classified according to the age at the time of admission, the numbers, including temporary admissions and those admitted under section 12, Child Welfare Act and section 46, Infants Act, and those ordered supervision with residence, are as follows : Under six months, 58 ; over six months and under one year, 17 ; from one to five years, 86 ; from five to ten years, 91 ; from ten to fourteen years, 109 ; over fourteen years, 144. The length of period of residence for the children temporarily admitted was from one day to seven weeks. Of the children in foster-homes at the 31st March, 1937, 133 over the age of fourteen years were receiving further education, 67 at primary schools, and 66 at secondary or technical schools. Furthermore, 32 children under the age of fourteen years were receiving higher education. In addition, there were 15 residing in hostels receiving secondary education, and 11 children were boarding in colleges,

No. 2. —STATEMENT OF THE SUPERINTENDENT OF THE CHILD WELFARE BRANCH. FOE THE YEAR ENDED 31st MARCH, 1937. Functions of the Child Welfare Branch. Those interested in the early history of the Branch are referred to the article published in " Fifty Years of National Education in New Zealand " (Whitcombe and Tombs, Ltd.). This article sketches the growth of the work from the earliest recorded times up to the passing of the Child Welfare Amendment Act, 1927. The main functions of the Branch may be briefly stated as follows :— (1) Supervision and general placement and care of all children committed to the care of the Department through the Children's Courts : (2) Visiting and oversight of all children placed by the Courts under the legal supervision of Child Welfare Officers : (3) Inquiry and investigation of all cases coming before Children's Courts : (4) Inquiry into cases of illegitimate births, to ensure that proper provision is being made _ for each child, and the mother where she is a young single woman : (5) Licensing of foster-homes under the Infants Act, and supervision of children placed therein : (6) Administration of State institutions for children and young people who cannot be placed in the community, including institutions for afflicted children : (7) Preventive work—that is, the inquiry in the early stages into cases of difficulty with children or bad adjustment in the home : (8) Inquiry into all applications for adoption of children: (9) Inspection and registration of private institutions and orphanages. Before giving details of the year's work, the following is a brief statement of the Department's organizations outside the Head Office. Child Welfare Officers. There are at present 48 Child Welfare Officers, male and female, stationed in all the main centres in New Zealand according to the needs of each district. For instance, Auckland lias 9 officers, while places like Hawera and Invercargill have 2 each. Upon these officers devolves all the preventive, inquiry, placement, supervisory, and other work involved in the functions of the Branch set out above! These officers report direct to the Children's Courts, aijd are given a wide discretion by the Department in dealing with all matters in their districts. Certain activities or proposals must, of course, have the approval of the Minister in Charge, in terms of the Act, but generally speaking the Department's policy is to decentralize the work so far as may be possible. The officers are selected according to their ability to deal with children and social problems, and to co-operate effectively with officials, and with parents and the public generally. With women, nursing and teaching experience, and with men, teaching or prior Social service work, are regarded as essential qualifications. The need for trained workers is recognized, and it is hoped that arrangements may be made for our officers to obtain a diploma in this respect, with provision for continued lectures and study concerning the essential phases of child-welfare work in its broadest aspects. New appointees are trained in their more special duties by attaching them in the first instance to one or other of the larger centres under an experienced officer.

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Honorary Child Welfare Officers. There are nearly 200 Honorary Child Welfare Officers, male and female, acting at the present time. Tbese officers, who give their services gratuitously, have proved of considerable value to the Department in carrying out its work, and especially so in the smaller centres of population. This is in accordance with the Department's general policy of decentralization and the belief that it should be left as far as possible to the local people to deal with their own cases—the Department merely to guide or assist. In cases coming before the Children's Courts these officers as a rule make all the inquiry and report to and attend the Court themselves, unless there are special circumstances which might require the attention of the permanent official for the district. The Department takes this opportunity of again expressing to all these officers its deep appreciation of the services they perform to the Department in particular and to the youth of the community in general. Institutions. It is the policy of the Department (section 19 of the Act) not to place any child in an institution unless this should become absolutely necessary. It is recognized, however, that there will always be a relatively small proportion of children dealt with who require institutional treatment before they can be returned to the community. For children requiring a more or less lengthy period of detention, the Department has two institutions—one for boys at Weraroa, near Levin, and one for girls at Burwood, near Christchurch. The ages of the young people admitted or in residence thereat vary from about fourteen to nineteen years. Boys remain in residence usually from six months to eighteen months, while girls remain sometimes up to two and three years before again being tried in the community. Each case is dealt with on its merits. The Department has in hand at present the matter of making better provision for boys requiring reformative treatment, the existing institution at Weraroa being quite out of date for this purpose. In addition to these two institutions there are smaller institutions —namely, a boys' home and a receiving-home in each of the four main centres, and one additional receiving-home at Hamilton. The former homes take in boys from nine years onwards who require temporary housing ; such boys attend the nearest public school. Boys of school age are sometimes ordered by the Court to spend a period of one to three months in an institution, and these are usually provided for at such homes. They also provide for older boys requiring temporary accommodation while changing board or service situations, &c. The receiving-homes are clearing-houses for young children of both sexes, and all girls. Older girls are admitted pending placement in a foster-home or a situation, also, when necessary, young girls just leaving school who require a short period of training in domestic work before being placed out, In this connection it may be stated, however, that a number of mistresses prefer to take these younggirls and train them themselves. At both classes of homes children may be admitted on remand or on warrant (section 13 (2) of the Act) pending the hearing in the Court. Besides these the Department has also a girls' hostel in Wellington which accommodates about 16 girls. These girls are usually apprenticed to trades or employed in shops or offices. This institution provides for those who are not fitted for domestic work but who are likely to do well in other employment, but would be better for a period of friendly supervision which is exercised by the staff in the hostel. Backward children under the care of the Branch who cannot be educated at the special classes in the public schools, or, being over school age, require special training, are admitted to the two institutions established for such cases (see further reference later on in this report). In dealing with its problem cases the Department wishes to express its appreciation of the services rendered by Dr. J. Russell, Deputy Director-General of Mental Hospitals, an experienced psychiatrist, who has not only examined and reported upon a large number of individual cases taken to him, but also has kept in close touch with the Department's residential institutions. Boardlng-out or Placement of Children in Private Homes. Section 20 of the Act of 1925 makes special mention of the fact that it shall be the duty of the Superintendent to place children in foster-homes whenever practicable in lieu of detaining them in institutions. With over half a century of experience behind it, and having in mind also the experience of other countries, the Department can say unhesitatingly that this system of placement is the best for those normal children who for one reason or another have no homes of their own. There is abundant evidence to prove the beneficent results which as a general rule attend such placement. There are just, over 2,000 children constantly at board, older ones dropping out and new ones coming on to take their places. Despite the care taken in selection and subsequent supervision, it is perhaps only to be expected that now and again a home will be found to have deteriorated or become unsuitable. As soon as any such come under the notice of the Department, action is taken to remedy matters or remove the child, as the case may be. All applicants for children are required to give full particulars of their home and circumstances. The home is then inspected by a Child Welfare Officer, who inquires fully into the suitability of the applicants. A list is kept of all such cases in the District Office, and when a child is ready for placement the field officers consider carefully which of the applicants might be best able to guide and train this child. After placement, the home is visited by Child Welfare Officers at least once every three months, and oftener should circumstances warrant. Independent confidential reports are also obtained regularly from the teachers of the schools the children attend. In addition, the Honorary Child Welfare Officers and local persons interested in children frequently assistespecially in ensuring that our children take part in the ordinary social life of the community.

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The outstanding features of this system are that the children attend the public school and grow up as ordinary members of the community, and make contacts with their fellows that last them through life. The way they return to their old foster-homes in after years in numberless cases is a pleasing feature. Many former foster-parents also apply after the children may have left the homes for some aSO ?-i°j r an ° tller *° haye th ® m baok a B ain during their holidays. Often these are the only parents the children have known, and it speaks volumes for the goodheartedness of such people when their foster-children even after marriage, still, as many do, keep in touch with them, and to whom thev proudly bring their own first offspring. The Department has ample evidence of good results, and the number of cases of reported ill-treated or mal-adjusted children is very small indeed. The Department has at present m hand the matter of reviewing the system so that even this small proportion may be individual child moanS taken t0 ensure adequate supervision and proper placement of each The following submitted by one of the district officers is typical of the reports received in this connection :— it " S i?-i f 3 ar as fost ® r "P arents are concerned, a number (named) deserve special mention. Many children of both sexes have been brought up successfully in these homes, and later on when they are m employment and all control of the Department has ceased, they still return to these homes and continue to regard the foster-parents as their own, even after marriage " ±he details of a few cases indicating successful boarding out are quoted below . Y ' committed at age of eight years as destitute ; illegitimate ; his natural parents not paying maintenance. After committal was allowed to remain at board in his foster-home where he had been since a few months old At the age of fifteen years, the boy, who was delicate, was still at school, and the foster-parents kept- him themselves for about three years without payment, except for some small assistance from the Department for medical attention and school-books.' At the age of eighteen he is employed as shop-assistant and is doing well, and it still attending evening technical classes. Jr - , committed aged seven years ; both parents died during epidemic ; placed at board with elder sister ; obtained scholarship ; later matriculated, and now school-teacher. TV j M ' committed when aged nearly eleven years ; not under proper control; parents separated, secondary education, and now employed as qualified public-school . A .committed as destitute; aged five years; parents separated; girl did well at boardgiven secondary education, and later attended University lectures. Became a very successful schoolceacner. i j7~~fi nd K 'i I ? rotlle f' committed at age of six and four years respectively ; father deserter • placed together m good foster-home, where they remained during the whole of their school period ■ both did well; sent on for secondary education ; both matriculated ; former now school-teacher and latter m Civil Service. • T 0 ! B ~T7 committed when aged one and one year and a half respectively ; mother feebleminded, and deserted children ; later father also deserted ; children in shocking state of neglect and malnutrition ; foster-parents grew to like children, and last year legally adopted both of them ■ a good home and children progressing remarkably well. H and B—, committed when aged seven and boarded out; after two years returned bv foster-parents for private reasons, but missed boys so much they begged to have them back offering to keep them without payment; they later adopted both boys ; foster-parents have no children of their own, and are m good financial circumstances. R ~ ■ committed at age of ten months ; illegitimate, and mother weak-minded ; in foster-home lor twenty years ; still there, though working in vicinity. (See also M below.) rTT' f ° r ye j rs m ® am ® f o s ter-home as E above. Although over twenty-one, still remains on 111 what she regards as her home. This foster-parent, has expressed her intention of leaving all her property to these two girls. 8 i 1 "'Committed as not under proper control about seven years ago ; parents separated; was backward at school and given extended education ; placed in good foster-home, where soon made one of the family , and remained on after she had commenced work, and is still there ; now discharged from official control and doing well. • G ' committed as infant; illegitimate ; given extended school for two years, after which foster-parent kept her free for over three years ; when discharged from Department's control, she was still m her foster-home, and had obtained a situation in the Civil Service. i 7T~' commi tted at age of one month as destitute ; mother in mental hospital; father died not long afterwards ; later sent on for secondary education ; at his discharge from Department's control he was still m his old foster-home, where he has been for some eighteen years ; obtained M A decree and now school-teacher. ' ' 6 ' j ? ,T : committed at age ten years ; living in disreputable surroundings ; had previously been ad opted , adoptive parents both deceased ; did well in his foster-home, and sent 011 for secondary education , matriculated, and now public-school teacher. Placement op Children in Situations and the Allocation op theib Earnings. Generally speaking, State wards, if normal, children, are placed in employment on the same conditions as other young people so far as wages, &c„ are concerned. The Hon. the Minister has special powers to facilitate the employment of those young people who are mentally, physically or socially unable to compete on equal terms with their fellows. The placing of certain handicapped children m the right environment is regarded as of much more importance than the gaining for them of a shinmg or two extra m wages All license agreements or contracts are subject to constant review in the Head Office as well as 111 the District Offices.

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Particulars showing the occupations of these young people at the 31st March last are shown under the heading " Nature of Employment " further on in this report. When a child first goes to service, he (or she) is allowed a portion of his wages for pocket-money ; the balance is banked by the Department and drawn out as required for clothing, dentistry, &c. Later he is allowed an increasing portion personally, so that he learns to handle his own money and purchase his own clothing under supervision. As a prelude to final discharge, he is placed for six months or so, on service agreement. This means that he receives all his wages and can choose his own situations, excepting that the latter must be approved by his supervising officer. The money banked may be paid out at any time, and the Department, as trustee, endeavours to guide these young people in investing or expending their money to the best advantage. This is especially essential in those cases where the young people concerned may be mentally retarded and require friendly supervision for a longer period than is necessary with the ordinary normal youth. Applications for assistance with board and clothing, &c., are always promptly attended to, and no reasonable application is refused. The money is also paid over when the applicant is between twentyone and twenty-five years of age and is of good character, even though he or she has no particular enterprise in view at the moment. During the year under review, a total sum of £19,219 16s. 7d. was paid out to young people in this regard. Pbimary Education. The following table shows position regarding children attending primary schools classified according to ages (in years) in each class as at Ist July, 1936, and a comparison with State wards included therein and attending the same schools. It may be stated that the proportion of State wards to other pupils at that date was approximately 1 to 118.

Higher Education. State boys and girls have the same opportunity as other children for secondary or technical education. Usually these young people remain on in their old foster-homes and attend the nearest educational institution. In addition, there is in Auckland a hostel to accommodate 15 boys, which is carried on with assistance from the Costley Trustees and the Y.M.C.A. Deserving pupils who show special aptitudes are helped by the Department to the University. Reports to Children's Courts. At the end of each year the Child Welfare Officers submit to the Courts and to the Department a report on the oases dealt with during that year —the causes of each appearance, the numbers under supervision and the general results of supervision, the number of second offenders, and generally the position so far as the Court work in each district is concerned. It is hoped that such reports will become increasingly valuable as a measure of the success or otherwise in adopting this or that method of dealing with certain offences or types of anti-social conduct. Particularly is this so with regard to the placing of children legally under the supervision of Child Welfare Officers—a phase of the work which is engaging the Department's earnest attention. It need hardly be stressed that the Department regards the " preventive " work as of first importance, for when a child does come before the Court for an offence or is not under proper control, it is desirable in accordance with the general policy of treating children in their own homes, or at least in the locality in which they live, to adopt the best methods to secure their earliest return to the ordered life of the normal child. The second offender, too, is a case for close study, although, as one officer points out, a number of those may be accounted for by the fact that, even after one or two minor offences, the boy is still left in his home under supervision, and committal and removal is only resorted to when all other methods have failed. Tables showing the numbers dealt with are included in this report. A few extracts from, the reports of some of the larger centres are attached : — 1. Auckland District. —Of the total (339) appearing before the Courts, 157 were admonished and discharged, 93 were placed under supervision of Child Welfare Officers, and 56 were committed to the care of the Department. 2. Hamilton District-It is interesting to note that from 1931, probably the peak year, when 245 cases appeared before the Courts, there was a gradual decline to 167 cases in 1933. Last year the number was 180, compared with 206 for this year. Cases of theft showed a reduction of 33, but sexual cases and cases of mischief and wilful damage showed an increase of 37. There was a reduction in the number of those appearing a second time for an offence from 19 to 17.

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Glass P. S. I. S. II. S. III. S. IV. F. I (S. V). F. II (S. VI). Boys. Girls. Boys, Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Boys. Girls. Primary schools 6-79 6-71 8-71 8-51 9-69 9-4910-6510-4211 -5611 -3312-5212-3113-3613-15 State wards .. 6-99 7-00 8-63 8-73 9-87 9-7911 -0910-8312-0512-0312-8612-8613-9913-35

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3. Wellington District. —It will be observed that there is an increase of 133 boys over the previous year of boys coming before the Court~32B as against 195. The prolonged closing of the schools owing to the epidemic is probably one of the principal reasons for the increase. Regarding the 25 second offenders, ail examination of the major factors show that in 23 cases indifferent and divided home control was the chief cause of the repetition of the offences." 4. Christchureh District. —It will be noted that there is an increase (138) in the total number of boys for all causes before the Courts. Breaches of by-laws accounted for 59, but there were substantial increases in mischief, theft, &c. It is not always easy to state different reasons for such increases, but lack of good home control is usually the primary factor. 5. Dunedin District. —A perusal of the figures reveals that there has been a marked decrease in the number compared with last year—lso as against 200. General. —The total number of children appearing for all causes for the year ended 31st March, 1937, was 2,584, as against 2,273 for the previous year and 2,245 for 1934-35. In the matter of supervision most of the parents have co-operated with the officers in the endeavour to successfully adjust the juvenile offender towards society. In this connection the thanks of the Department and the appreciation of the parents should be extended towards the members of the Big Brother Movement operating in many centres under the auspices of the Y.M.C.A. and the authorities of the Catholic Church. New Zealand was not āione in her experience that during the depression years there was a decrease in the numbers appearing before the Courts. Private Organizations. A list showing the institutions registered under the provisions of the Child Welfare Amendment Act, 1927, is appended to this report. These, in conjunction with other private organizations, continue their beneficent work among orphans and dependent children. Costley Trust. Under the will of Edward Costley (deceased), of Auckland, a sum of money was set aside to assist State wards with apprenticeship. Later this was varied legally to include any child recommended by the Auckland Child Welfare Officers for assistance with their education or training in employment. This has been the means of securing for a large number of children in Auckland District the opportunity for study and advancement not otherwise obtainable. It is a most beneficient trust in being made available as it is to such a large number of children. Some are helped for short periods, some longer, according to the needs of the case, but the benefits are spread and not confined to a few. The number of children who received assistance last year was 59, including 16 State wards at the Boys' Hostel, and for the previous year 48, including 15 State wards at the Boys' Hostel. During the last ten years over 500 children have been enabled either to enter a profession, learn a trade, or receive assistance towards secondary or technical education. Legislation during Year. An amendment to the legislation was made last session in that it was enacted that corporal punishment was not to be ordered in any proceedings in a Children's Court. Cases appearing before the Children's Courts. The number of children dealt with by the Children's Court during the year was 2,584, and of these 667 were placed under the supervision of Child Welfare Officers, and 10 had their supervision extended. Of the children placed under supervision, 18 were subsequently committed to the care of the Superintendent. The number committed to the care of the Superintendent and admitted to institutions, such as special schools, training-farms, &c., was 432, but all of these with the exception of 136 (81 boys and 55 girls), who required further training, were suitably provided for in the community before the close of the year. The other children (1,475) appearing before the Courts were dealt with in a manner not calling for supervision by a Child Welfare Officer (see details below). At the 31st March, 1937, there was a total number of 863 children under the supervision of Child Welfare Officers by order of the Courts. Of the number (667) placed under supervision this year, 88 had previously been dealt with by the Courts and placed under supervision. The Magistrate ordered 4 children to spend a period in an institution. The following statement indicates the number appearing before all such Courts and the action taken: Committals, 432; supervision, 636 ; admonished and discharged, 600; admonished and ordered to make restitution, 278 ; adjourned, 56 ; dismissed, 52 ; supervision extended, 37 ; Borstal, 30; convicted and fined, 29 ; returned to care of Superintendent, 22 ; adjourned sine die, 19 ; admonished and costs, 16 ; withdrawn, 10 ; admonished and fined, 9 ; convicted and ordered to come up for sentence, 8 ; supervision, with residence, 4 ; probation, 4 ; admonished and driving license cancelled, 4- : convicted and discharged, 3 ; discharged, 3 ; convicted and costs, 3 ; referred to Magistrate's Court, 2 : convicted and driving license cancelled, 1 ; convicted and fined and driving license cancelled, I : convicted and discharged and ordered to make restitution, 1 ; driving license endorsed, 1 ; acquitted, 1 : admonished and discharged and driving license cancelled, 1 ; informal supervision, 1 ; convicted and fined, with costs, 1 ; prohibited from, obtaining driving license for a period, 1; dismissed with costs, 1. By-law Cases : Admonished and discharged, 147 ; convicted, with fine and/or costs, 130 ; dismissed, 18 ; admonished and costs, 11 ; convicted and discharged, 5 ; admonished and fined, 4 ; withdrawn, 1 ; supervision, 1 : total, by-law cases, 317.

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Table 1. —Total of Children Appearing before Courts.

The records show that of the numbers dealt with 220 had been before the Courts for previous offences, but many of these were of a minor nature, and there is every reason to hope that these children will make good with a little friendly supervision. In addition to the above, there were 7 cases dealt with by the Magistrates under the provisions of section 17 of the Amendment Act, 1927, and the informations dismissed as trivial; while there were also 61 cases in which, as a result of consultation between the Child Welfare Officer and the Police, the informations were regarded as of insufficient importance to warrant Court action, the children concerned being adequately dealt with otherwise, usually as preventive cases under the supervision of a Child Welfare Officer for a period. Preventive Work. An important part of the work of the Child Welfare Officers is that of adjusting conditions in homes and in connection with families in order to prevent the committal of children to the care of the State, or of coming before the Courts at all.

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,,, 1935- 1936- ,,, 1935-11936— Charge. 3g 3? Charge. 3g (a) Charqed with an Offence, or Delinquent. (a) Charqed with an Offence, or Delinquent Delinquent 134 67 -continued. Theft .. .. .. .. 586 723 Discharging fireworks . . .. .. 6 Wilful damage .. . . .. 76 105 Forgery . , . . .. . . 4 Mischief .. . . .. 127 107 Unnatural offence . . . . . . 3 Breaking, entering, and theft . . 115 142 Attempted breaking and entering . . 3 Conversion .. . . 62 98 Attempted carnal knowledge . . .. 3 Throwing stones .. .. 19 22 Smoking .. .. .. .. 2 Indecent assault . . . . 23 38 Dangerous riding . . . . . . 2 Disorderly conduct . . . . H 21 Killing animals . . .. . . 2 Receiving .. . . 31 28 Frequenting billiard-rooms . . . . 1 Dangerous driving . . . . 6 12 Uttering Assault .. . . . . 10 24 Presenting a firearm Discharging firearms .. .. 3 5 Attempted breaking and entering . . 1 False pretences .. .. .. 11 12 intent Idle and disorderly .. .. 1 2 Attempted indecent assault .. . . 1 Obscene language .. .. 9 5 On licensed premises after hours.. .. 1 Attempted theft .. .. 9 5 Attempted breaking, entering, and .. 1 Breach of supervision . . .. 1 5 theft Carnal knowledge . . .. 7 7 Insulting behaviour Unlawfully on premises .. .. 8 7 Attempted suicide . - .. .. 1 Cruelty to animals .. . . 6 8 Breach of agreement under C.W. . . 4 Obscene writing.. . . .. 5 .. Breaking and entering . . . . 10 4 Breach of Acts — Rape .. .. .. .. 3 Motor-vehicles .. .. 16 28 Forgery .. .. . . 4 Harbour Boards .. .. 1 Vagrancy .. .. . . 2 1 anc l Telegraph .. . . 4 2 Negligent riding . . . . 4 2 Railways . . .. . . 3 7 Driving without license .. .. 16 26 Fire Brigades .. .. 11 5 Aiding and abetting .. .. 1 2 Acclimatization .. .. 6 1 Drunkenness .. .. .. 1 2 Licensing .. .. ., 4 Fraud .. .. . . .. 2 1 Arms .. .. .. 50 82 Attempted murder . . . . 1 . . Impounding .. .. .. 2 Incest . . . . .. . . 1 Breach of city by-laws . . .. 265 317 Indecent exposure . . . . 3 6 Negligent driving . . . . 5 10 Total children charged with 1,786 2,134 Breaking and entering with intent .. 6 3 offences Breaking insulators . . .. 80 122 False information .. .. 2 1 Indecency .. .. .. 4 2 (b) Appearances for other Causes. Burglary .. .. .. 1 .. Indigency .. . . .. 203 191 Absconding .. . . . . 2 4 Not under proper control .. 189 163 Trespass . . . . . . 8 3 Detrimental environments . . 67 65 Obstruction on railway-line .. 7 . . Neglected . . . . . . 28 31 Throwing missiles .. . . . . 15 Found on enclosed premises .. . . 5 Total Court appearances .. 2,273 2,584

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In v ® r y man y cases Parents whose children are difficult to manage avail themselves of the services of Child Welfare Officers for the purpose of supervision and friendly guidance. At the end of the year there was a total number of 1,182 children being dealt with in this connection. Table 1 shows the number of cases notified during the year. Table 2. —Preventive Cases. The following table shows the number of preventive cases notified by Child Welfare Officers during the year ended 31st March, 1937.

Children under the Guardianship op the Superintendent op the Child Welfare Branch. At the 31st March 1937, there were 4,241 children under control (excluding those mentioned under separate heading below), and of these 184 were in residence at Government receiving-homes (many of these only temporarily), training-farms, and training institutions ; 253 in Special Schools oT'u wl! Backward Children ; 70 in the four Roman Catholic Schools recognized under the Child Welfare Act; 2,011 were boarded out in foster-homes ; 866 were in licensed situations • and 611 residing under license with relatives and friends. The remainder were in various private institutions. 1 Nature of Employment. Young persons over school age in employment numbered 817 males and 422 females (a number of whom are residing with friends), included in the total of 4,241. Of the males 556 were farm-workers (198 skilled in dairy-work and cheesemaking, and 358 competent to milk and'carry out general farm-work), 80 factory employees, 31 labourers, 28 shop-assistants, 13 clerks, 7 warehouse assistants 9 bakers, 5 butchers, 4 motor-body builders, 6 carpenters, 4 cabinetmakers, 4 plasterers 6 bootmakers, 5 printers and bookbinders, 9 garage attendants, 3 electrical engineers, 4 messengers' 4 tailors, 2 gardeners, 4 drivers, 3 grocers' assistants, 3 jockeys, 3 railway-workshop employees' 2 painters, 2 freezing-works employees, 2 salesmen, 1 upholsterer, 1 engineer, 1 coachbuilder, 2 racingstab le hands, 1 fisherman, 1 builder, 1 sawmill hand, 1 nurserv-gardener, 1 seaman, 1 waiter 1 milkman 1 plumber, 1 market-gardener, 1 miner, 1 office-assistant, 1 basketmaker, and 1 presser. Of the girls, 280 were domestic workers, 10 tailoresses, 7 dressmakers, 3 fur-factory employees, 13 shop-assistants 3 clerks, 4 waitresses, 2 laundresses, 3 teachers, 6 typistes, 6 machinists, 99 factory employees, 2 wards maids, 1 bookbinder, 1 hairdresser, 1 nurse, and 1 cook. by the State* o™'0™' 116 75 b ° yS anA 41 glrls ' illcludin S some apprentices) were being partly maintained Infant-life Protection (Infants Act, 1908). At the end of the year 830 infants and young children were supervised in 750 licensed fosterhomes Of these homes, 687 had 1 child each, 52 had 2 children each, 7 had 3 children each 3 had 4 children each, and 1 had 6 children. Payments for maintenance, which were made bv the relatives ranged from 2s. to 30s. per week for each child. Out of the 1,378 infants who were residing in licensed homes throughout the year there were three deaths.

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District. Number of Families, j Number of Children. North Auckland .. .. .. .. _ 17 , n Auckland .. .. .. .. '' q , Hamilton .. .. .. _ _ " ' R „ a Gisborne .. .. ,. .. '' 2 2 Hawke's Bay ........ 3 g Hawera .......... 4 Wanganui .. .. . .. _ g Palmerston North ..... is 00 Wellington .. .. .. .. _ g g Nelson and Marlborough .. .. .. . . West Coast (South Island).. .. .. ,. . _ 1 2 North Canterbury .. .. .. .. q jg South Canterbury .. .. .. .. jg 0ta g° .' 27 54 Southland .. .. .. .. _ 24 (■:{ - Totals - - 166 392

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Table 3. —Particulars of Children admitted to and removed from Licensed Foster-homes during Year ended 31st December, 1936.

Adoptions. By an arrangement with the Department of Justice, applications for adoptions are investigated by Child Welfare Officers before being dealt with by Magistrates. During the year ended 31st December, 1936, 399 children were adopted (47 of these being State wards), and in 17 of these cases premiums were approved by the Courts. Of the total number of children adopted, 57 were under the age of 6 months, 43 between the age of 6 and 12 months, 160 between the age of 1 and 5 years, 85 between the age of 5 and 10 years, and 54 between the age of 10 and 15 years. During the period 4 orders were revoked. Children in Residence in Private Orphanages. The following information supplied bv the authorities shows the number of orphanages and private admissions to such orphanages during the year : —

Table 4.

The particulars regarding parentage were as follows : 161 children had no parents, 179 had only mother living, and 690 had only father living. 2—E. 4.

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or m c. S . P. 3* -B ' n § ■+=> 02 . 43 02 ® Under 6 tU si? S eg S § 2 S Over 6 rr, , , tTV 71 $ © «a © «3,® 68.® o3 © -r 7 Totals. Months. £ >h © >h © £h ©J* © £ Years. -«■ «> C 10 On the books at 31st December, 1935 86 76 130 126 125 110 116 67 836 Placed in foster-homes or transferred 205 59 85 66 50 44 32 1 542 from other districts during 1936 Totals .. .. 291 135 215 192 175 154 148 68 1,378 Removed from homes during 1936— By parents or guardians .. 33 34 47 50 33 25 39 10 271 Deaths .. .. .. 2 .. .. .. 1 .. .. 3 Adopted without premium .. 28 24 37 10 20 10 4 2 135 In homes to which exemption 2 .. 6 .. 1 1 10 was granted Brought under operation of 95222331 27 Child Welfare Act Written off books for various 3 3 5 4 6 1 575 102 other reasons Total withdrawals .. 77 66 97 66 62 40 52 88 548 On the books at 31st December, 1936 85 75 139 124 114 105 116 72 830

Admissions during 1936. Deaths during 1936. " Decembert g 1936. S S f 1 : 7 i ' Denomination. & ā j5 S ° £ J? § «, g 05 « .3 £ ° 2 «= g ! -g, ts tS § s -IS) 3 s -s & S'S -g | t g -i §> £ £■ ■§ ā o S® -S ■§ a g.® -g < -6 s of* g ,5; -g C o a o a- x* «I a- £i* g& r-1 CO £ rH I I Anglican .. 20 15 23 72 240 1 8 ! 15 94 609 Roman Catholic .. 12 40 22 106 333 1 3 7 13 27 160 823 Salvation Army .. 13 528 7 91 733 7 .. .. 7 51 4 91 414 Presbyterian .. 16 .. .. 37 168 ! .. 57 374 Methodist .. .. 4 .. .. 8 73 12 153 Plymouth Brethren.. 1 5 .. . . 22 Baptist .. .. 1 .. .. 9 23 .. 12 51 Masonic .. .. 2 1 4 I • • ■ • Undenominational .. 14 9 10 597 824 2 3 62 328 Totals.. .. i 83 593 j 62 920 2,403 8 .. 3 15 74 , 49 488 2,794 f ! '

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Table 5. Status of Children and Young Persons under the Guardianship of the Superintendent at 31st March, 1937.

The following table shows the admissions according to age :—

Table 6.- Committals and Admissions during the Year ended 31st March, 1937.

a< l mi oQ ion ! clas f fied according to the causes of admission. Of the total 4fi TT "T, '- r Under pr ° per C ° ntro1 ' 77 char B ed with Punishable offences, 23 delinquent, 46 living m detrimental environments, and 22 neglected. Of the number admitted under these headings (432), 292 were placed out in the community before the 31st March, 1937.

Table 7.—Committals and Admissions during the Year ended 31st March, 1937, classified according to Causes of Admission.

Table 8.-Children before the Courts during the Year ended 31st March, 1937, and placed under the Supervision of Child Welfare Officers. (Section 13(4).)

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Status ' Boys. Girls. Totals. —T — In residence 92 92 Boarded out 1146 g65 g At service (includes 4 boys and 24 girls at day service) 557 309 ' Sfifi With friends .. .. .. _ ' 3gl 23Q In hospitals, convalescent homes, &c. .. .. 54 26 80 In refuges or cognate institutions .. .. ., 2 41 1 o In orphanages .. .. .. _ _ °' o 0 9 ~ ri Absent without leave .. .. ,, ] 7 9 Y.M.C.A. Hostel, Auckland . 1 c . in colleges ;; ;; 3 In Girls'Hostel, Wellington .. .. 2q In residence, Roman Catholic schools .. *28 42 70 In schools for mentally backward .. .. ' Igg fi7 J-\, In School for Deaf, Sumner (State wards) .... 7 1 g - 0tals • • J 2,518 1,723 4,241

I I *" ' Boys- Girls. j Totals. Under six months .. .. .. gg 22 Over six months and under one year . . . g 22 One year to five years .. .. . '' 38 2g ' Five years to ten years .. .. .. _ 52 39 cn Ten years to fourteen years .. 77 00 Over fourteen years .. .. .. £ g 109 Totals •• 11 •• •• . 307 _ I 178 485

Taken charge of as | Bo y 8 . | Girls. Totals r I _L Indigent 9« 77 17 - Delmquent 19 17 & Detrimental environment .. ok 01 Ne g iecte d •• •• :: :: 9 5 t Not under proper control .. .. .. _ _ fz Accused or guilty of punishable oflence .. 73 4 Admission by private arrangement (section 12, Child Welfare Act) g Temporary arrangement. .. .. .. _ _ 26 17 ,<q Supervision, with residence.. .. .. _ _ 3 I ' Admission under section 46, Infants Act .! '' _ _ | j TotaIs " J 307 178 i ~485

Boys. Girls. Totals. Charged with an offence .. a on 01 Delinquent " " gj Not under proper control .. .. .. " 66 20 Sfi In detrimental environment .. c Q n Indigent " ? * 9 Neglected .. .. .. .. _ _ 2 g Tota^s L1„„ - 599 68 667

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Table 9.—Admissions classified according to Parents' Circumstances and Character (arranged in Families).

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Reasons for Admission of Children. ■ 1 s n "s ® g £ • O ® -SH Di rl £ © t>> O 2 7 3 -£| T" 1 Jj d t» P>> © .11, ■+* r,-; 2 Father described as Mother described as -g g £j . 1| ?§ o § 8> a § © P —h "S o <ri o s .2 © -2 SP <5 © © C6 CO rrt eg £ Tk Tj fl o 75 -g.a -p Si C S ri O f-1 .2 >■ CO o Pi "7? © So 13 S§ (Ô C<5 9 FH M ft a & 5 |f |4« 1« H B £ 11 §-«!-§ tg ® -2 /P S T3 > ft £ 1 _ r Good .. ..18 5 1 2 26 41 29 3 125 Questionable .. 6.. 1 3 1 3 ..14 Bad .. .. 1 2 1 .. .. 4 Dead .. .. 2 5.. 1 9 4 2 ..23 Good .. .. <J Deserter .. .. 2 .. .. .. .. 1 1 .. 4 Mentally unfit .. 1 1 .. 1 .. 3 Physically unfit .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Character unknown 1 . . . . 1 > Good .. .. 8 2.. .. 7 4 2 ..23 Questionable .. 7 1 5 3 5 2 23 Bad . . .. 1 1 Questionable . . < Dead .. .. 2 3 2 .. .. 7 Deserter .. .. 1 .. 1 .. .. 2 Mentally unfit .. 2 .. 1 .. .. 3 Character unknown .. 1 .. 1 .. .. 2 * Good .. .. 4 1 5 3 .. ..13 Questionable .. 4 .. 1 .. .. 5 J Bad .. .. 2 2 1 5 Bad •• "1 Dead 1 .. .. 1 2 | Deserter .. .. 1 . ■ ■ • ■ ■ • • 1 [_ Mentally unfit 1 .. . • 1 > Good .. .. 1 3 .. 3 5 1 1 14 Questionable 1 .. 2 .. .. .. 3 Bad .. 1 1 Dead .. .J Dead .. .. 11 3 .. .. 4 1 .. .. 19 Deserter .. .. 1 .. .. . • 1 Physically unfit .. 1 .. .. .. 1 Character unknown . . 1 .. .. .. 1 n t / Good .. .. 1 1 .. 2 eser.er.. .. Questionable 1 .. .. 1 | Questionable 1 .. .. .. .. 1 Mentally unfit .. <{ Dead .. .. 2 .. .. 2 ! Mentally unfit 1 .. 1 .. .. .. 2 Physically unfit .. Questionable 1 . . .. 1 ' Good .. .. 14 1 1 2 .. 18 Questionable .. 8 .. .. 8 Character unknown < *' j 2 ' 3 Mentally unfit .. 7 1 .. .. •• 8 Character unknown .. 1 1 .. .. 2 f Good .. .. 4 1 .. 5 Identity unknown Questionable .. 4 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 5 [_ Character unknown .. 1 1 .. .. 2 Totals .. .. 119 22 21 7 74 72 45 4 *364 Parents described as Addicted to Drink at Time of Committal of Children (included in above). f Deserter .. .. 1 .. .. 1 .. .. .. .. 2 I Dead .. .. 1 .. .. 1 2 4 I-, J Physically unfit .. 1 .. .. 1 Addicted to drink < j j [ Questionable .. .. 1 .. . . 1 [_ Addicted to drink 1 .. .. .. 1 Good .. .. Addicted to drink 1 .. 1 .. 2 Dead .. .. Addicted to drink 1 .. .. . . 1 Totals .. .. 3 1 .. 2 6 1 .. fl3 * These families represent 432 children. f These families represent 31 children. In 36 families committed, representing 44 children, the parents were living apart. Of the children committed 41 had both parents dead, 47 had mother dead, and 19 had father dead.

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Table 10.—Admissions classified according to Religious Beliefs.

The records show that of this total 119, or 24'54 per cent., were known to be illegitimate. i i admitted were from the following districts : Christchurch, 87 ; Wellington 76- Auckland 71 ; Dunedm, 32 ; Invercargill, 14 ; Hamilton, 14 ; New Plymouth, 14 ; Nelson 13- Timaru 12Houhora, !! , Ruatona 9 ; Wanganui, 8 ; Napier, 7 ; Taumarunui, 6 ; Palmerston North™(W mouth, 6 , Oamaru, 6 , 5 ; Petone, 5 ; Featherst.on, 5 ; Hastings, 5 ; Hawera, 5 ; Gisborne 4 • Ashburton, 4 ; Westport, 4 ; Port Chalmers, 4 ; Blenheim, 4 ; Bluff, 3 ; Levin, 3 ; Queenstown' 3 • two from each of the following places : Coromandel, Taupo, Gore, Opotiki, Rotorua' Motueka, Ot'aki,' arton one from each of the following places ; Whangarei, Tologa Bay, Pukekohe Thames OtoroRa3' M Mast ® rt ° n : Tauranga, Dargaville, Feilding, Ngaruawahia, Wairoa, Waimate, Riverton Rangiora Ma,ngonui Kaitaia, Pahiatua, Te Awamutu, Lower Hutt, Waihi, Kaikoura, Owaka : 284 from' the North Island ; 201 from the South Island : total, 485.

Table 11.-Inmates discharged from Control during the Year ended 31st March, 1937.

These two institutions provide for children who, being mentally retarded, cannot, for one reason or another including bad home conditions, be taught efficiently at the ordinary school or provided for at a special class. The ordinary school curriculum is adjusted to meet the needs of the pupils and is administered by specially trained teachers of long experience in this particular work. Handwork of course, occupy a prominent place. The health of the children at both institutions during the year was very good, and there is a competent nurse attached to each staff. There of ahont b sn Whicil ,i S at otekaike ' near Oamaru, accommodates about 200. -Lnere is a farm of about 300 acres attached where many of the older boys are taught farmine in all its branches before being placed out m the community. Others are employed and trained in boot maW and repairing, m basket-making woodwork, garden and orchard work, &c. Being in a somewhat isolated position the recreation-hall is provided with a cinematograph (sound machine) and a programme which is much appreciated by the inmates and staff is provided once a week

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■ I a -p III . I S -I :i [ -g § .mC! -d-g , . o I j i° J* I H | o j .1 iffi lis t I I 1 , 1 I | III I , § I 3 SfB SpqS £ S Umb T •' • • 227 I 87 84 j 36 17 15 10 j 3 I 2 2 2 485 Percentage .. .. 46-8 |17-9417-32j 7-43 3-51 3-09 2-Oej 0• 62| 0-41 0-41 0-41100 0

Boys. Girls. Totals. . 1 _ 1 Discharged (section 23, Child Welfare Act) .. .. 216 ' 104 320 Attained the age of twenty-one years 13 on sl) Adopted .. ' "ok Si T) 1 T . 1 . * • • • • • • • 25 24 4Q Keturned to relatives .. on on 7^ Died Z 2 ° 49 Married ....... " go 9^ Committal orders revoked .. .. . . " 9 1 Totals 289 217 506 The average age at discharge for the year was 17 years 4 months. Table 12. Institutions for Backward Children : Numbers at 31st March, 1937. I Richmond j Otekaike I , (Girls). j (Boys). Totals. :: ;; -| 64 > 8 « Day pupils .. .. .. ,. .. 3 * Day service ••.... 1 1 '' In Mental Hospitals, hospitals, &c. .. .. ." j 7 21 9S Absent without leave ...... j 2 2 ; •• 1 75 210 j 285~

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for girls is situated at Richmond, near Nelson, and can accommodate about 75 girls. Girlsjon leaving the school section receive an all-round training in handwork, dressmaking, knitting, housewifery, and fancy work, &c., while gardening is also included in the scheme of training. There is a large recreation-room, and eurythmic exercises, dancing, singing, drill, &c., form a leading feature of the scheme of training and entertainment which includes occasional trips to the seaside, &c. A tennis-court has recently been provided. Blind Children. The education of blind children is compulsory, and where necessary the Department arranges for the admission of pupils to the New Zealand Institute for the Blind, a private institution which is situated at Auckland. There were 21 such Government pupils in residence at 31st March, 1937, but many parents arrange privately with the Institute for the admission of their children. The annual report which is issued by the Institution gives a full account of its various activities. SCHOOL FOR THE DEAF. Report of the Principal for Year ending 31st December, 1936. I have the honour to submit the following report oil the affairs of the institution for the year ending 31st December, 1936. On Ist December there were 118 pupils on the r011—59 boys and 59 girls. Of these, 9 boys and 7 girls were day pupils and 50 boys and 52 girls were boarders. During the year 14 new pupils were admitted. Their ages were as follow:— From five to six years .. .. .. .. .. ~ .. 6 From six to seven years .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 From seven to eight years .. .. .. .. .. .. 3 From eight to nine years .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 From eleven to twelve years .. .. .. .. .. .. 1 14 Some of the older pupils were admitted from other schools, but the boy of eleven years of age had received no previous schooling. For the purposes of instruction ten of the pupils must be regarded as being congenitally deaf, having no speech, no hearing, and possessed of ail the characteristics of those born deaf. Two had traces of speech and some degree of hearing, and two had considerable speech and considerable powers of hearing. During the year the school was visited by the Hon. the Minister of Education, Mr. P. Fraser, who took a keen interest in the working of the institution. As a result of this visit it was decided to pull down the Boys' House, a building which had outlived its usefulness. The plans for the new Boys' House which had been decided upon are at present under consideration. The Canterbury Education Board's Inspectors carried out their annual visit of inspection and spent a considerable time in all the class-rooms. The work and organization of the school received favourable criticism. Three pupils were granted Proficiency Certificates and two obtained Competency Certificates. The School News was brought out monthly, items of interest being contributed by the various pupils. This publication is a means of stimulating the children's interest in reading and of keeping them in touch with current events. The physical training of the pupils was well catered for. The boys went through the usual gymnastic course, and physical drill was taken daily. A team of deaf boys was successful in winning the "A " Grade hockey competition promoted by the primary schools of Christchurch. The girls also had gymnastic and physical drill exercises regularly. A team of girls was entered for the Christchurch Girls' Sports Day Competitions and was successful in gaining second place in a field of eleven. Such opportunities of making social contacts and of enabling our pupils to measure their abilities alongside their hearing brothers and sisters are of very great benefit to the deaf. Two hearing aids and an audiometer were given a try out during the year. The results obtained from these devices are somewhat inconclusive. The members of the staff are following with close interest the research being carried on along these lines in Manchester and other parts of the world. The Staff Library, to which all members of the teaching staff make monthly contributions, is proving a great help in stimulating interest in the work of educating the deaf in Europe and America. This library now contains most of the standard works dealing with subjects bearing on our school work. It is a very valuable part of our school equipment. In addition to the usual school, curriculum classes were held in woodwork, dressmaking, and cooking. The results obtained in this field of training were very creditable. The health of the children during the year has been quite good, there being a remarkable freedom from epidemics of any kind. This happy state of affairs was brought about by the able manner in which the children have been cared for by the Matron and her staff. I have to thank both the domestic and teaching staffs for their local co-operation in all matters pertaining to our work, which enables me to record a year of progress without friction of any kind.

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E. l 4.

ILLEGITIMACY. By an arrangement with the Registrar-General all illegitimate births are notified to Child Welfare Officers, who investigate all cases and seek to advise and assist the mother where possible. The following table shows the result of such investigations : —

Table 13.

Total number of births, 24,837 (exclusive of Maoris). Illegitimate births, 1,126=4-533 per cent, of total births.

Table 14.—Particulars of Expenditure for Year ended 31st March, 1937.

Table 15. —Expenditure on School tor the Deaf, Sumner, tor Period ended 31st March, 1937. £ £ Salaries .. .. .. .. .. .. .. ..5,925 Advertising, &c. .. .. .. .. . . .. . . 15 Maintenance of pupils and sundry expenses .. .. .. . . 1 858 Travelling-expenses .. .. .. .. .. .. 3X5 Maintenance of buildings, furnishings, &c. .. .. .. .. 487 — 8,600 Less — Parental contributions and amount received from Hospital and Charitable Aid Board .. .. .. .. .. .. 1,808 Board of stafl .. .. .. . . .. .. 415 Miscellaneous .. .. . . .. .. .. 12 — 2,235 £6,365 The net expenditure for year ended 31st March, 1936, was £5,531.

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fills 12 S- £$%■* £°|ss |!i|! ||la 1M:"i ggi* g£ 5j?& a s s(Sags District. S §| Its d-* , gte S* 5 -sS«-S a^s l®r«° i°£s ■§ Iss *1 I®- 3 :» •■S ® 25 -"S '-£ J§ s_ ® - 13 m 6o fi m •1«'° g a § Jjo'3,S-2s | g .g • jPef&.gcS S'.S'ctoS -g >.3co2 'affags '§f2a"a-g SflSo^g S f=3 =2 ®cSiiH^hl I—I hH r—( 3 M pSoO'OBJ 2 North Auckland 44 47 43 4 3 .. 13 Auckland .. .. 223 195 186 9 2 4 76 South Auckland .. 107 58 53 5 8 1 25 Gisborne and Poverty Bay 27 20 20 .. 3 .. 8 Hawke's Bay .. 47 43 40 3 1 .. 10 Hawera and Taranaki .. 50 44 44 . . .. 2 17 Wanganui .. 37 26 24 2 6 . . 15 Palmerston North 71 47 43 4 2 . . 15 Wellington and Manawatu 185 183 178 5 55 7 141 Nelson and Marlborough 30 21 21 . . 1 14 West Coast (South Island) 21 11 11 . . 3 . g North Canterbury .. 148 133 126 7 35 15 65 South Canterbury 26 21 21 . . 10 4 90 Otago .. .. ..65 61 61 .. 9 2 43 Southland .. 45 31 30 1 26 2 26 Totals .. ..1,126 941 901 40 164. 37 496

Item. Otekaike. Richmond. Total, £ £ £ Salaries .. .. .. . 7,361 2,398 9.759 Advertising, &c. .. .. ,. .. .. 13 21 34 Maintenance of buildings .. , . ... . . 1,276 742 2 018 Maintenance of institutions .. .. .. 4,802 1,906 6,708 18,519 Travelling-expenses .. .. .. , . 0gO Postage and telegrams .. .. .. . . . . .. 100 Less— 19,299 Board of staff .. .. .. .. 1,010 284 1^294 Recoveries (parental contributions and revenue from farm, sale of articles manufactured, &c.) .. 1,848 3,142 £16,157

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Table 16. £ Net expenditure on upkeep of child-welfare institutions .. .. .. 11,893 Salaries of staffs of homes, Child Welfare Officers, visiting nurses, &e. .. .. 29' 127 Boarding-out of children— £ Payments to foster-parents .. .. .. .. .. 72 952 Payments to Postal Department as commission .. . . .. 699 Issues of clothing, &c. — £ From institutions .. .. .. .. 679 From central and branch stores .. .. .. 1,352 — 2,031 Medicine, medical attendance, dentistry, clothing, &c. . . .. 3,412 — 79,094 Inmates at service— Issues of clothing, &c. — From institutions .. .. .. .. 986 From central and branch stores .. .. .. 760 1,746 Miscellaneous payments (clothing, medicine, &c.) .. .. .. 3,366 5 112 Refund of maintenance payments .. .. .. .. .. .. 219 Refund of inmates' earnings .. .. .. .. .. _ _ 759 Rent, office requisites, postage, &c. .. . . . . .. ~ , _ 2 892 Maintenance of inmates in private institutions .. . . .. .. 2' 943 Travelling and removal expenses (including transit of children) .. .. .. 4',275 Wages of inmates .. .. .. .. .. ~ _ 262 Legal expenses .. .. .. .. .. .. _ _ _ 26 136,593 Less recoveries— Board of staff .. .. .. .. .. 2,118 Parents and others .. . . .. .. .. .. 19 552 Sale of farm-produce . . .. .. .. .. .. 2 801 Inmates' earnings for clothing, &c,. .. .. .. .. 5 437 Miscellaneous .. .. .. . . . . .. .. 1,951 — 31,859 £104,734 List op Children's Homes registered under Part I of the Child Welfare Amendment Act 1927. Anglican. St. Mary's Home, Otahuhu, Auckland. Orphan Home, Papatoetoe, Auckland. Hemi Mataroa Home, Gisborne. Abbotsford Home, Waipawa, Hawke's Bay. St. Mary's Home, Napier. St. Hilda's Home, Otane, Hawke's Bay. All Saints Children's Home, Palmerston North. Wairarapa Home for Boys, Masterton. St. Barnabas Home for Babies, Khandallah. St. Mary's Home, Messines Eoad, Karori. St. Mary's Children's Home, Lancaster Street, Karori. Anglican Boys' Home, Lower Hutt. St. Andrew's Orphanage, Nelson. Whakarewa Orphanage, Nelson. St. Saviour's Girls' Home, Christchurch. St. Saviour's Boys' Home, Timaru. St. Anne's Home, Christchurch. Anglican Memorial Home for Boys, Dunedin. St. Mary's Orphanage, Dunedin. Roman Catholic. Star of the Sea Girls' School, Howick, Auckland. St. Mary's Orphanage, Takapuna, Auckland. St. Vincent's Home of Compassion, Auckland. Home of the Good Shepherd for Girls, Waikowhai. St. Joseph's School, Upper Hutt, Wellington. Home of Compassion, Island Bay, Wellington. St. Mary's Orphanage, Nelson. Nazareth House, Sydenham, Christchurch. St. Joseph's Home, Christchurch. Sacred Heart Orphanage, Christchurch. St. Joseph's Boys' Home, Dunedin. St. Vincent de Paul's Orphanage, Dunedin.

15

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Salvation Army. Maternity Home, Auckland.. " The Grange," Girls' Home, Auckland. Little Children's Home, " The Nest," Tawa Street, Hamilton. Hoddersville Home, Putaruru. Edward Murphy Maternity Home, Gisborne. Bethany Home, Napier. (Closed meantime.) Boys' Home, Eltham. Cecilia Whatman Children's Home, Masterton. Maternity Home, Wellington. Florence Booth Girls' Home, Wellington. Maternity Hospital, Christchurch. Boys' Home, Temuka. Little Children's Home, Dunedin. Girl's Home, Anderson's Bay, Dunedin. Red Roofs Maternity Home, Dunedin. Presbyterian. Leslie Orphanage, Auckland. Boys' Home, Onehunga. Children's Home, Devonport. (Closed meantime.) Margaret Watt Orphans' Home, Mosston, Wanganui. Wanganui Orphanage, Gonville. Presbyterian Boys' Home, Wellington. Presbyterian Girls' Home, Island Bay. Presbyterian Girls' Home, Merivale, Christchurch. Presbyterian Boys' Homes (2), Papanui. Children's Home, Timaru. Presbyterian Homes (3), Dunedin. Allison Home, Invercargill. Cameron Home, Invercargill. Methodist. Wesley Home, Mount Albert. Epworth Home, Mount Albert. Methodist Children's Home and Orphanage, Epsom. Methodist Children's Home, Masterton. Methodist Orphanage and Children's Home, Papanui. Other Institutions. Papakura Masonic Home. Manurewa Home (Baptist), Auckland. Armagh House, Marton (Seventh Day Adventists). Kirkpatrick Masonic Institute, Nelson. V ndenominational. Salem House, Auckland. Bryant Convalescent Home, Raglan. Fairfield School, Gisborne. The Young Pioneers Settlement, New Plymouth. Hawke's Bay Children's Homes (3), Napier. Manawatu Willard Children's Home, Palmerston North. Levin Memorial Home, Wellington. Women's National Reserve Residential Nursery, Wellington. Cholmondeley Memorial Convalescent Home, Governor's Bay. Waltham Orphanage, Christchurch. Victoria Memorial Home for Friendless Girls, Invercargill. Feltham Children's Home, Otaki.

Approximate Cost of Paper.—Preparation, not given ; printing (1,450 copies), £25.

By Authority: E. V. Paul, Government Printer, Wellington.—l 937.

Price 6d. J

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